动词不定式学案

1动词不定式不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。一、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。e.g.①Tolearnaskillisveryimportantforeveryoneinsociety.②Tocompletethe30storiedbuildinginoneyearwasquiteadifficulttask.③Todothatimpliestakingresponsibility.当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。e.g.①Itisimportantformodernyoungpeopletomasteratleasttwoforeignlanguages.②Itisnecessaryforyoungstudents_______________________(学习一门外语).动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：1.Itis＋adj./n.(＋forsb.／sth.)＋todosth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,impossible,necessary,good,bad,exciting,interesting,surprising等。e.g.①Itisinterestingtoplaythisgame.②Itisnecessary__________________________________（对你来说换一个工作是有必要的）.③Itwasimpossibleforthem____________________(完成任务)insuchashorttime.考例1：Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?(88MET)A.nowB.manC.thatD.it用于此句型的名词有：pity,shame,pleasure,one’sduty,one’sjob,fun,joy,goodmanners,badmanners等。e.g.①Itis_________(遗憾)tohavetogowithouther.②Whatapityitisforyoutohavemissedsuchawonderfulfilm.③Itisgoodmannersfortheyoung_________(give)theirseatstotheold.2.Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.＋todosth.该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如：kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。e.g.①Howrudeitwas____theboy___________(jump)thequeue!②Itisfriendly____thefamilytotrytomakemefeelathomeintheirhouse.③Howsillyitwasofyou_____________(giveup)suchagoodchance！3.Ittakessb.＋sometime＋todosth.2该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。e.g.①Ittookushalfanhourtoridetothetownbybike.②Ittakesmethreehours_____________(learn)Englisheachday.③Ittookthemhalfthenight____________(到家)inthesnow二、不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等。e.g.①Themostimportantthingforone'shealthistohaveplentyofexercise.②Mychiefpurposehasbeentopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.③Thepurposeoftheorganizationistogreetallnewcomerstothecityandtoprovidethemwithanynecessaryinformation.④WhatIwantedwastogettheworkdoneasquicklyaspossible.⑤Yourjobis__________(type)thepapersintheoffice.⑥Thenextmeasureis____________(stop)theriverfrombeingpolluted.三、不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine,expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,preparepretend,promise,refuse,resolve,seek,tend,threaten,want等。e.g.①Iliketogooutforwalksinthewarmsunshineinspring.②Idecidetoworkhardandgetdoctor'sdegree.③She__________________(没能及时完成)theassignmentintime.④They_________________________(决定修一条高速公路)betweenthesetwocities.⑤She___________________(主动提出帮助我)whenIwasintrouble.注意：1、believe,think,consider,feel,make等动词可用于“动词+it+adj./n+todosth.”句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。e.g.①Wefounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.②Ithink_____________________________(学好英语是重要的)incollege.③Ithinkitnecessaryforustohaveagoodrestafterthelongwork.④Shefelt_____________________________theoldwoman.她觉得帮助这个老妇人是她的职责2、“wh＋不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what,which,who,whom,whose)或疑问副词(where,when,how,why)，以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。3常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe,perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。e.g.①Icouldn'tdecide___________________________(选择哪本书).②Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook.③Theyfound___________________(很难决定)whethertogoswimmingnextSundayortovisitAuntSallyinNewYear.“whword+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语或者表语。e.g.①Whentostarttheprogramremainsundecided.②Thequestionishowtoputtheplansintopractice.四、作宾补1、可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise,allow,ask,hear,order,see,tell,want,wish,watch等。e.g.①Thedoctoradvisedhernotoeattoomuchsugar.②Iwishyou_________(go)tothemeetingwithme.2、believe,consider,count,declare,deny,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,know,prove,realize,suppose,think等动词后可接tobe型不定式作宾补。e.g.①Hedeclaredhimself_____________________.他自称是名大学生。②Thepoliceprovedhim__________________.警察局证实他是小偷。3、hope,demand,suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。(判断正误)e.g.①Ihopemysontobebacksoon.②Ihopemysonwillbebacksoon.③Shesuggestsustohaveadiscussionaboutit.④Sheadvisesustohaveadiscussionaboutit.⑤Shesuggeststhatwe(should)haveadiscussionaboutit.4、主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to：“五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,lookat)“三使”(make,let,have)“两听”(hear,listento)“一感觉”(feel)。e.g.①Whomadehimworkallnightlong?②Wheneversomethingiswrongwithyou,pleasedoletme___(know).③Iwillhavethestudents_______(write)apassageaboutInternet.④Itseemedsolongbeforeheheardthestone_____(hit)thewater.5、但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的to。e.g.①Hewasseen__________(break)thewindow.4②Heisreported___________(win)the100meterrunningraceintheOlympicgames.五、作定语动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。e.g.Haveyougotanythingtoeat?(toeat修饰anything，位于其后)下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：attempt,ability,anything,chance,desire,determination,decision,effort,failure,intention,need,opportunity,plan,promise,pressure,right,tendency,time,way等。e.g.①Butshegaveupthechancetogoabroad.②Hisefforts__________________(执行这个计划)weresuccessful.③Ihavenointention______________________（去电影院）withyou.④Thereisnoneedtobotherhimwithsuchtrifles.⑤Thereisatendencytowritequitelongsentencesincommercialcorrespondence.⑥Thepressure______causesAmericanstobeene