动词不定式的时态和语态的变化

动词不定式的时态和语态的变化：语态时态主动语态被动语态一般时todotobedone完成时tohavedonetohavebeendone进行时tobedoingno完成进行时tohavebeendoingno1.不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定是在to前面加not，（有时也用never表示强调）e.g.Shedecidednottobelateagain.Hepromisednevertomakesuchastupidmistake.Iregrettednottohavestartedearlier.2.不定式在句中的作用动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和主语等成份。Ａ．作主语Toliveistowork.Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.不定式作主语时，表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。有时为了保持句子的平衡，用it作形式主语。[例]_______isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold．A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk[例]Infact________isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it[例]Itisnotunusualforworkersinthatregion____________________.A.tobepaidmorethanamonthlaterB.tobepaidlaterthanmoreamonthC.topaylaterthanamonthmoreD.topaylatermorethanamonthB.作表语HisjobistoteachEnglish不定式作表语：[例]Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,________itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake[例]Thetwopresidentsagreewitheachotheronthewhole,butmuchremains_______atthefollowingmeeting.A.discussingB.discussedC.todiscussD.tobediscussedC.作宾语IlearntospeakJapanese.Theydecidedtobegintheexperimentatonce.Iwishtobeacollegestudent.不定式作宾语，通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help等词后。[例]Weagree________herebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet[例]Mr.Johnsonpreferred_____________heavierworktodo.A.tobegivenB.tobegivingC.tohavegivenD.havinggiven•[例]Thepartywassuccessful,butwethoughtitapitynot___________you.A.inviteB.toinviteC.invitingD.tohaveinvited注意：一些系动词，如appear,come,fail,get,happen,prove,seem,turnout等后面接不定式。[例]Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_________whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenD.作宾语补足语在主动语态中作宾语补足语Ilikeyoutodoitthisway.PleaseaskJohntoturnonthelight.b.在被动语态的句子中成为主语补足语Weareadvisedtowait.Theyareallowedtotalkintheclassroomafterclass.E.作定语a.动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面：Hesaidhehadanimportantmeetingtoattend.b.如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词：Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.c.有些名词常用不定式作定语Beforeliberationhehadnochancetogotoschool.Ourteacherhadnotimetothinkaboutrest.Shewasthefirst(person)tothinkoftheidea.•[例]Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton[例]Wouldyoupleasegivemeapieceofpaper_______?A.towriteB.towriteonC.towritewithD.tobewritten不定式作定语①不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作。1)Themeeting__________nextweekisofgreatimportance.(hold)tobeheld[例]Ifthebuildingproject_____bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.A.beingcompletedB.iscompletedC.tobecompletedD.completed[例]Firsthemadealistofthenamesofthose_________.Thenhebegantowritetheinvitationcards.A.invitedB.beinginvitedC.tobeinvitedD.havingbeeninvitedＦ．作状语a.作目的状语Hesatdowntohavearest.Theywenttheretovisittheirteacher.b.作结果状语Hewokeuptofindeverybodygone.MygrandmotherlivedtoseetheliberationofChina.c.在某些表示喜，怒，哀，乐等的形容词后作原因状语：Iamverygladtoseeyou.Iamsosorrytohearyourmotherisill.d.在带有enough或too的句子中，作状语，表示程度Hewastooexcitednottosayafewwords.Sheistootiredtodothejob.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.[例]________ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster’sdegree.A.TobecomeB.BecomeC.OnebecomesD.Onbecoming[例]---Whyaretheypullingdownthehouses?---____________anewparkinglot.A.BuildB.TobuildC.BuildingD.Built3.不定式省略to的情况Ａ．在feel,listento,make,let,have,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe等词后，接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语．B.在Wouldrather(wouldsooner,hadrather,hadsooner)…than,ratherthan等结构的than之后用不带to的动词不定式：Iknowbetterthandosuchathing.Heinsistedongoingbacktohisworkratherthanstayinhospital.C.在以Why引导的疑问句中用省略to的不定式：Whyworryaboutit?Whynotyougotherebybike?D.在Cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut之后接不带to的不定式Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.E.在but,except,besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to:Ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim.F.为了避免重复，不定式可省去toI’mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.