关系代词引导的定语从句.

`Youknow“DreamismyChinesename'stranslationI’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Heisthepersontowhomwecanturnhelp.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.ThisisthesamepenasIlostlastweek.ThisistheplaceinwhichIencounteredtheHuanhuanatfirsttime,whentheapricotwasblossomingandrainwasgoing.数学结构：定语从句（复合句）=主句（先行词）+关系词+从句先行词______关系词(定语)从句关系词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词:when,where,why考点1that的用法：That既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语，而且作宾语时常可省略。考点2which的用法：Which指物，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。考点3who的用法：Who指人，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。考点4whom的用法：Whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。考点5whose的用法：Whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。考点6As的用法：人或物，先行词通常被as，so，such等修饰，行程固定搭配。定语从句关系代词所指代（即先行词）在定语从句中所作句子成分whowhomthatwhichwhose人人物人/物人/物主语、宾语宾语主语、宾语主语、宾语、表语定语只能用关系代词that不能用关系代词which的情况：①被修饰的先行词为something，everything，nothing，anything，none，theone等不定代词，如：e.g.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?③当先行词本身既包含人也包含物时，如：e.g.Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywell-known.②当先行词被all,any,every,little,few,no,some等修饰时，如：e.g.Thereisnowordthatiswronglyused.④当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，如：e.g.ItwasthelargestmapthatIeversaw.⑤当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，如：e.g.Myhometownisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.⑥在以which开头的句子中，为了避免重复，如：e.g.Whichisthepenthatyoulost?只能用关系代词which不能用关系代词that的情况：①介词＋关系代词结构中，例如：e.g.Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowfacesouth.③一个句子有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which。例如：e.g.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnearlytoopentous.②先行词是that,those时，引导词用which，例如：e.g.What’sthatwhichwasbrightinthecar?变形一：Thisisthehouse_______wehavelivedinfor10years.变形二：Thisisthehouse______wehavelivedinfor10years.2.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.1.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?A.whoB.thatC.whichDwhatA.thatB.whereC.whoseD.whichBD点拨：当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all不定代词时，关系代词只能用that.点拨：介词+关系代词，特殊情况，只能用which.that/只能用关系代词that不能用关系代词who的情况：①被修饰的先行词是人，同时在从句中担任表语成分，如：e.g.Theoneisnolongeralittleboythatwasusedtobe.②当先行词是人，且主句以who开头的疑问句时，如：e.g.Whoisthemanthatisspeakingoverthere.只能用关系代词Who不能用关系代词whom的情况：①当先行词是one,ones,anyone,all,those指人时，引导词用who。例如：e.g.Anyonewhodidn’tcomemustbepunished.②在therebe结构中，主语是人，引导词只能用who。例如：e.g.Thereisapersonwhowantstoseeyou.③句子中有两个定语从句时，避免重复，引导词用who。例如：e.g.Theteacherthatwaspracticedatyesterday’smeetingwhoisourEnglishteacherwillgotoBeijingtomorrow.④间隔性定语从句（先行词指人并有较长的后置定语），例如：e.g.Hewastheonlyoneintheofficewhowasinvitedtothehall.（※妙笔生花：万水千山总是情）⑤当先行词为人称代词时，要用who，例如：e.g.Hewhodoesn’tmakemistakesmakesnothing.只能用关系代词whom不能用关系代词who的情况：①介词＋关系代词结构中，则只可以用whom,不能用who，例如：e.g.Heisthepersontowhomwecanturnhelp.☆Whoisthemanto_____wecanturnhelp_____isspeakingoverthere.A.who;whoB.that；whoC.whom；whoDwhom；that