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写作技巧点拨系列(七)精研材料,轻松驾驭提纲作文提纲类作文在高考书面表达中占最大的比重,考查根据提示语写短文、书信、演讲、报道、介绍和说明人物或情况等,命题常以短文提示、要点提示和表格提示三种形式呈现。要求考生首先确定中心思想,然后紧紧围绕中心思想展开论述。写作时要注意以下几点:1.要按照提纲的思路写,既不能偏离,也不能随意增减;2.有时提纲类作文所提供的要点顺序并非就是写作时的顺序,因此,写作前先将要点标出,并按照一定的逻辑关系把这些要点排列并整理好。要考虑各要点之间该用什么样的连接词或连接句进行有效的衔接过渡;3.提纲只是对文章的提示或概括,不是主题句。考生需要根据提纲的性质,写出体现提纲主旨的句子作为主题句,然后围绕主题句进行扩展。【写作指导】Ⅰ.常用句型1.开篇句(1)Withthedevelopmentof...随着……的发展(2)Iamoftheopinionthatbothargumentsholdsometruth.我认为两种观点都有点道理。(3)Atpresent,thereisawidespreadconcernthatteenagers’usingmobilephonesinschoolwillaffecttheirstudy.目前,人们普遍担心青少年在学校使用手机会影响他们的学习。(4)Moderntechnologyhasmanyadvantages.现代科技有很多优势。(5)Iamverygladtohavethechancetospeakhere.我很高兴有机会在这里演讲。(6)Weallwanttogrowuphappilyandhealthily,andforthisgoalwemustdoseveralthings.我们都想快乐健康地成长,那么为了这一目标我们应当做几件事情。(7)It’sapleasuretotellyoumyplanofthiscomingsummervacationafterthecollegeentranceexam.非常乐意告诉你我高考后即将到来的暑假安排。2.连接句(1)Amongallthegivenreasons,oneshouldbefocused.在给出的所有原因中,有一点必须被强调。(2)Themainreasonwhy...isthat...……的主要原因是……(3)Anotherconsiderationinthiscaseisthat...对这种情况的另一种考虑是……(4)Besides,weshouldn’tneglectthat...此外,我们不应该忽视……(5)Therefore,thesefindingsshowthefollowinginformation.因此,这些发现显示了如下信息。(6)Wonderfulasrobotapplicationis,ithasmanydisadvantagesaswell.尽管机器人的应用很美妙,它也有很多的弊端。3.结尾句(1)Takingallthesefactorsintoaccount,wemaysafelyreachtheconclusionthattheadvantagesofmakingfriendsonlineoutweighitsdisadvantages.考虑到这些所有的因素,我们可以得出这样的结论:网上交友的利大于弊。(2)Thereisstillalongwaytogotosolvetheproblem,butwesincerelyhopethateveryonecanmakealittleeffort.要解决这个问题仍然有很长的一段路要走,但我们真诚地希望每个人都能做一点努力。(3)Ifwedothosethingswell,wewillbeabletogrowuphappilyandhealthily.如果我们把那些事情做好,我们就能够快乐健康地成长。(4)Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinharmonywithnature.只有以这种方式我们才能与大自然和谐相处。(5)Inshort,weliveinanagefullofchallenges.总之,我们生活在一个充满挑战的时代。(6)Ihopethesemeasureswouldhelpdealwiththeseproblemsandhaveagoodeffectonoureducation.我希望这些措施能帮助解决这些问题并且对我们的教育有良好的影响。Ⅱ.黄金模板Nowadays,therearemoreandmoreXXinsomebigcities.Itisestimatedthat用具体数据说明XX现象.WhyhavetherebeensomanyXX?Maybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Thefirstoneisthat原因一.Besides,原因二.Thethirdreasonis原因三.Tosumup,themaincauseofXXisdueto指出主要原因.Itishightimethatsomethingweredoneuponit.Ontheonehand,解决建议一.Ontheotherhand,解决建议二.AllthesemeasureswillcertainlyreducethenumberofXX.【典题示例】你给英国朋友Chris写一封信,内容包括:1.你们原计划7月份一同去云南旅游;2.由于脚部受伤,你无法按原计划前往;3.表达你的歉意并建议将旅行推迟到8月份。【审题谋篇】文章体裁应用文中心人称第一人称I;第二人称you主要时态一般过去时;一般现在时信息要点1.我们原计划7月份一同去云南旅游;2.由于脚部受伤,我无法按原计划前往;3.我感到非常抱歉,我们能否将旅行推迟到8月份?【词句构建】1.词汇汉语一般词汇高级词汇计划,打算wantto_______________________按计划accordingtotheplan___________________收到来信receivealetter_________planto/schedule/intendtoasplanned/scheduledhearfrom2.句式①我记得我们原计划7月份一同去云南旅游。一般表达:IrememberwewantedtovisitYunnaninJuly.高级表达:Irememberwe______________YunnaninJuly.(用高级词汇替换wantto)plannedtovisit②由于左脚受伤,我无法按时前往。一般表达:Becausemyleftfootwasinjured,Icannotgowithyouaccordingtotheplan.高级表达:Becausemyleftfootwasinjured,Icannotgowithyou_____________________.(as引导的方式状语从句)asplanned/asscheduled③我们能否将旅行推迟到8月份?一般表达:CanweputoffourtraveluntilAugust?高级表达:Wouldyoumindif______________________________________?(用wouldyoumind...句式增强委婉语气)IsuggestweputoffourtraveluntilAugust【连句成篇】DearChris,Howisitgoing?IrememberweplannedtovisitYunnaninJuly.Butnow,becausemyleftfootwasinjured,Icannotgowithyouasplanned.I’msorryaboutit.WouldyoumindifIsuggestweputitoffuntilAugust?Iwishyoucouldunderstand.I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Yours,Joe【即时应用】假设某英语报正在进行主题为“保护方言,传承文化”的征文活动,请你根据所给提示用英文写一篇短文并投稿。内容主要包括:1.方言面临危机的原因;2.保护方言的必要性;3.如何来保护方言。注意:1.词数100个左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.开头语已为你写好,但不计入总词数。Somedialectsaredyingout._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Somedialectsaredyingout.Withmoreandmorepeoplefromdifferentplaceschoosingtoliveincities,theyrarelygetachancetospeaktheirdialects.Dialectsarethebestrepresentativesofdiversecultures.Asforculture,itiswidelyacceptedthatvarietyismoreimportantthansimilaritybecausetheformermeansamorecolorfullife.Soweshouldtakeactiontoprotectdialects.Firstly,organizationsshouldbesetuptodomoreresearchintodifferentdialectsandrecordthem.Secondly,parentsshouldcommunicatewiththeirchildrenintheirowndialects.Finally,weshouldencouragemoremoviesorTVprogramstousedialects.