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北京大学版博士生综合英语Unit51UnitFiveText:CrimeinCyberspaceIWordsandPhrases:1.cyberspace:alltheconnectionsbetweencomputersindifferentplaces,consideredasarealplacewhereinformation,messages,picturesetcexist---Studentsarediscoveringtheendlessamountofinformationincyberspace.---Ahostilenationhasattackedwiththesilentandinvisibleweaponsofcyberspace.---Computerscanconstructandmanipulateareasandobjectsincyberspace,too,buttheydosomostlyunderhumanguidance.---Exponentiallyreproducingpornographicimagesarepopulatingcyberspace.---Somethingsimilarmayhappensooninthenewfrontierofcyberspace.cyber:n[singv]scienceofcommunicationandcontrol,espconcernedwithcomparinghumanandanimalbrainswithmachinesandelectronicdevices控制论（对信息传递和控制的研究,尤涉及人及动物大脑与机器及电子装置的差异）2.trite:adj(ofaphrase,anopinion,etc)notnewororiginal,becauseoftenused;hackneyed;commonplace（指词语/意见等）陈腐的,老一套的,平淡无奇的.---Herremarkssoundedtriteandill-informed.---Iknowitmightsoundlikeatriteremark,butmothersusuallyknowbest.---Themovie'sdialogueistriteanduninspired.---Iknowitsoundstrite,butyou'resoluckytohaveyourson.3.vulnerable:adj~tosth/sb1thatcanbehurt,woundedorinjured能受伤害的:Youngbirdsareveryvulnerabletopredators.幼小的鸟易受食肉动物伤害.|Cyclistsaremorevulnerablethanmotorists.骑自行车的人比开汽车的人容易受伤.|(fig比喻)Hiswife'sdeathlefthimfeelingvulnerableanddepressed.他妻子去世后他感到六神无主十分消沉.2(fig比喻)exposedtodangerorattack;unprotected暴露于危险面前的;易受攻击的;无防御的:vulnerabletoabuse,blackmail,criticism易受凌辱、敲诈、批评|avulnerablepointinNATO'sdefences北大西洋公约组织防御中的薄弱之处|Theelectiondefeatputsthepartyleaderinavulnerableposition.该党落选后其领导人的地位岌岌可危.---Childrenaremostvulnerabletoabusewithintheirownhome.---Groundfloorwindowsareparticularlyvulnerableandsecurelocksshouldbefitted.---Thevirusleavessufferersvulnerabletoarangeofinfections.---Wildanimalsareattheirmostvulnerablewhentheyareasleep.4.harness:v1~sthtosthputaharnesson(ahorse,etc);attach(ahorse,etc)byaharness给（马等）上挽具;套（马等）:harnessahorsetoawagon把马套到四轮马车上.2controlanduse(anaturalforce)toproduceelectricalpower,etc控制及利用（自然界的力量）以产生电能等:harnessariver,awaterfall,thesun'sraysasasourceofenergy利用河水、瀑布、太阳光作为能源.---Wecanharnessthepowerofthewindtogenerateelectricity.---TheMissouriRiverisharnessedforhydroelectricpower.5.transcend:v(fml)1[Tn]beorgobeyondtherangeof(humanexperience,belief,powersofdescription,etc)超出或超越（经验、信念、描写能力等）的范围:Suchmatterstranscendman'sknowledge.这些问题人类是无法了解的.2~sb/sth(insth)bemuchbetterorgreaterthansb/sth;surpass优于或胜过某人/某事物:Shefartranscendstheothersinbeautyandintelligence.她才貌出众.---Thedesireforpeacetranscendedpoliticaldifferences.---Thebeautyofhersongstranscendwordsandlanguage.transcendent:adj[通常作定语](文,褒)extremelygreat;supreme卓越的;至高无上的:awriteroftranscendentgenius杰出的天才作家.---TheOlympicsareatranscendentevent.transcendental:adj[通常作定语]goingbeyondthelimitsofhumanknowledge,experienceorreason,espinamysticalorreligiousway超出人类知识、经验或理性的（尤指有神秘或宗教色彩的）;玄奥的;先验的:---Gazingatthatmajesticpaintingwasformeanalmosttranscendentalexperience.我凝视着那幅气势磅磅礴的画,一种堪称超凡的感受油然而生.Cf参看empirical:adj(ofknowledge)basedonobservationorexperiment,notontheory（指知识）以观察或实验为根据的（非理论的）.6.furtherance:theactorprocessofhelpingsomethingprogressorbedone---Staffareencouragedtouseinformationresourcesinfurtheranceoftheirownprofessionalinterests.---Whatstepswillyoutakeinfurtheranceofthatresolution?7.pornography:pornn[U](a)describingorshowingsexualactsinordertocausesexualexcitement色情描绘;色情表演.(b)books,films,etcthatdothis色情作品（书刊、影片等）:thetradeinpornography色情作品的交易.---Itisnowclearthatthereisalinkbetweenpornographyandsexcrimes.8.encryption:encrypt:toprotectinformationbyputtingitintoaspecialcodethatonlysomepeoplecanread,especiallyinformationthatisonacomputer---Itsotherfunctionistotakeoveryourharddiscandencryptallthefiledirectories,renderingthedisc北京大学版博士生综合英语Unit52unusable.9.cryptography:thestudyofsecretwritingandcodes---Clearly,oneadvantageofpublic-keycryptographyisthatnoonecanfigureouttheprivatekeyfromthecorrespondingpublickey.---Furthermore,public-keycryptographycanbeusedforsenderauthentication,knownasdigitalsignatures.10.piracy:n(a)[U]robberybypirates(pirate1a)海盗的掠夺.(b)[U]illegalcopyingorbroadcasting非法复制或广播.(c)[C]instanceofeitherofthese非法复制或广播.---Insteadshetakespartinhispiracyandgainsmeaningforlife,beforeshehelpshimescape.---Sothetwosidestalkedaboutsmuggling,piracyandothersortsofcrime.11.forgery:n1[U](crimeoractof)forging(forge22)adocument,picture,signature,etc（文件、画、签字等的）伪造,伪造罪,伪造行为:Hespent5yearsinprisonforforgery.他因伪造罪而坐了5年牢.2[C]document,signature,etcthathasbeenforged伪造的文件、签字等:ThisfamouspaintingwasthoughttobebyVanGogh,butitisinfactaforgery.人们以为这是凡·高的名画,其实是膺品.---Furtherinvestigationshowedthattheso-calledHitlerDiarieswereaforgery.---Specialmarksonthepaperareintendedtodeterforgery.---Thepainting,believedtobebyRenoir,turnedouttobeaverycleverforgery.forge:v[Tn]1(a)shape(sth)byheatingitinafireandhammering锻造;打铁:forgeasword,achain,ananchor,etc锻造剑、铁链、锚等.(b)(fig比喻)create(usualastingrelationship)bymeansofmuchhardwork（靠艰苦工作）建立（通常为长期关系）:forgeabond,alink,analliance,etc建立同盟、联系、联盟等|afriendshipforgedbyadversity患难中建立起来的友谊.2makeanimitationorcopyof(sth)inordertodeceivepeople伪造:forgeaban