英国文学简史期末考试复习要点-刘炳善版(英语专业大三必备)

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1英国文学史资料BritishWritersandWorks一、中世纪文学(约5世纪—1485)•《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf)•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》(SirGawainandtheGreenKnight)杰弗利·乔叟(GeoffreyChaucer)“英国诗歌之父”。(FatherofEnglishPoetry)《坎特伯雷故事》(TheCanterburyTales)二、文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期—17世纪初)•托马斯·莫尔(ThomasMore)《乌托邦》(Utopia)•埃德蒙·斯宾塞(EdmundSpenser)《仙后》(TheFaerieQueene)•弗兰西斯·培根(FrancisBacon)《论说文集》(Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛ChristopherMarlowe•《帖木儿大帝》(Tamburlaine)•《浮士德博士的悲剧》(TheTragicalHistoryoftheLifeandDeathofDr.Faustus)•《马耳他岛的犹太人》(TheJewofMalta)威廉·莎士比亚WilliamShakespeare喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》(AMidsummerNight’sDream)、《威尼斯商人》(TheMerchantofVenice)悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》(RomeoandJuliet)、《哈姆莱特》(Hamlet)、《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《李尔王》(KingLear)、《麦克白》(Macbeth)历史剧《亨利四世》(HenryIV)传奇剧《暴风雨》(TheTempest)本·琼生BenJohnson•《人人高兴》(EveryManinHisHumor)•《狐狸》(Volpone)•《练金术士》(TheAlchemist)2三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿JohnMilton《失乐园》(ParadiseLost)《复乐园》(ParadiseRegained)诗剧《力士参孙》(SamsonAgonistes)•约翰·班扬(JohnBunyan)《天路历程》(ThePilgrim’sProgress)•威廉·康格里夫(WilliamCongreve)《以爱还爱》(LoveforLove)《如此世道》(TheWayoftheWorld)四、启蒙时期文学(17世纪后期—18世纪中期)18世纪初,新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性,强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅,追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。亚历山大·蒲柏(AlexanderPope)是新古典主义诗歌的代表。•亨利·菲尔丁HenryFielding《汤姆·琼斯》(TomJones)•乔纳森·斯威夫特JonathanSwift《格列佛游记》Gulliver’sTravels•丹尼尔·笛福DanielDefoe英国小说之父《鲁滨孙漂流记》(RobinsonCrusoe)•亨利·菲尔丁HenryFielding《汤姆·琼斯》(TomJones)•奥利弗·哥尔德斯密斯OliverGoldsmith《荒村》(TheDesertedVillage)•詹姆斯·汤姆逊JamesThomson《四季歌》(TheSeasons)•威廉·柯林斯WilliamCollins《黄昏颂》(OdetoEvening)•托马斯·格雷ThomasGray《墓园哀歌》(ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard)五、浪漫主义时期文学(1798-1832)•罗伯特·彭斯RobertBurns•威廉·布莱克WilliamBlake•威廉·华兹华斯WilliamWordsworth•塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治SamuelTaylorColeridge3《抒情歌谣集》(LyricalBallads)·Byron,Shelley,Keats六、现实主义时期文学(19世纪30年代-1918)(维多利亚时代1832-1901)•罗伯特·布朗宁RobertBrowning戏剧独白《皮帕走过了》(PippaPasses)《指环与书》(TheRingandtheBook)•阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生AlfredTennyson《悼念》(InMemoriamA.H.H)勃朗特三姐妹•夏洛蒂·勃朗特CharlotteBronte《简·爱》(JaneEyre)•艾米丽·勃朗特EmilyBronte《呼啸山庄》(WutheringHeights)•安妮·勃朗特AnneBronte《阿格尼斯·格雷》(AgnesGrey)。托马斯·哈代ThomasHardy•《德伯家的苔丝》(TessoftheD’Urbervilles)•《无名的裘德》(JudetheObscure)查尔斯·狄更斯CharlesDickens•《雾都孤儿》(OliverTwist)•《大卫·科波菲尔》(DavidCopperfield)•《远大前程》(GreatExpectations)•《荒凉山庄》(BleakHouse)•《双城记》(ATaleofTwoCities)一.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges中世纪文学(约5世纪—14854Beowulf贝奥武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdysseyArtisticfeatures:1.UsingalliterationDefinitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound(头韵)SomeexamplesonP52.UsingmetaphorandunderstatementDefinitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideasGeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(JohnDryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive(综合的,广泛的)realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)A.GeoffreyChaucerB.MatinLutherC.WilliamLanglandD.JohnGowerwritingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.①TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集:firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish②TroilusandCriseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③TheHouseofFame声誉之宫MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:Romance(传奇故事)Famousthree:KingArthurSirGawainandtheGreenKnightBeowulfIITheRenaissancePeriod文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期—17世纪初)Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Renaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Twofeatures1.athirstingcuriosityfortheclasicalliterature2.thekeeninterstintheactivitiesofhumanity.5TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.TheRenaissanceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattempts:(1)togetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,(2)tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,(3)torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareBenJohnson.EnglishRenaissance:theearly16thcenturytotheearly17thcentury.1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。)Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?(B)A.Spenser’sidealismB.hisstruggleforcriteriaC.hisloveofbeautyD.hisexquisitemelody①TheFaerieQueene仙后(forQueenElizabeth)Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.Artisticfeatures:1.UsingSpenserianStanzaDefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.②TheShepherdsCalendar牧人日历ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind

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