农业滴灌系统的组成与规划设计.

膜下滴灌系统的组成与规划设计TheComponentandDesignofDripIrrigationSystemunderMulchFilm国家节水灌溉工程技术研究中心（新疆）NationalCenterofEfficientIrrigationEngineeringandTechnologyResearch-XinJiang何林望HeLinwang1、膜下滴灌系统的组成ComponentofDripIrrigationSystemunderMulchFilm水源工程Watersourceproject首部枢纽Headofpivot输配水管网Pipenetworksforwatertransportation滴头及控制测量和保护装置Emitters,pressureregulator,measuringmeterandprotectiondevices1.水源WaterSource2．水泵Pump3.供水管WaterSupplyPipe4.蓄水池Pond5.逆止阀BackflowPreventionDevice6.施肥开关Fertilizervalve7.灌水总开关IrrigationHeadValve13.滴头Emitter14.毛管(滴灌带)Lateral(Dripline)15.滴灌支管Manifold16.尾部开关(电磁阀)ZoneValve(Electricalvalve)17.冲洗阀FlushValve18肥料罐FertilizerTank19.肥量调节阀FertilizerRegulator20.施肥器FertilizerInjector21.干管MainLinepumpfertilizerinjectorpotfiliterdeviceCentersubmersiblepumpcentrifugalpumplinepumpdifferentpressureinjectventuriupjerpositionwithwideopencentrifugalscreensandmediadiscfilterpipenetworkmainlinesubmainlateralPVCpipewith0.4MPaworkpressurePENanopipewiththinwallPEpipewiththickwallnon-reuseablereuseablePVCpipewith0.6MPaworkpressuredripline/typedriptapeintegraldriplinePCdriplineaccessoriescontrolelementjointsprotectelementwatermetervaluepressuregaugeairinletvalueairreliefvaluereelucingvalueregulationvalueTianyedripirrigationsystem2、膜下滴灌系统设备EquipmentofDripIrrigationSystemunderMulchFilm2.1滴灌管（带）Dripline(tape)单翼迷宫式滴灌带driptapewithlabyrinthalongthestrip内镶式滴灌带integraldriplinewithinternallyattachedemitters压力补偿式滴头pressurecompensatingdripline柱状滴头Columnardriptape微喷带Microspraytape压力补偿式滴头Pressurecompensatingdriptape微喷Micro-sprinkle2.2输配水管道PipesforwatertransportationPVC干管PVCMainpipePE支管、辅管PESubmainLinepipeandFeederLinepipe2.3首部控制枢纽HeadControl水泵Pump过滤设备Filtrationdevice12347568离心式过滤器CentrifugalFilter1.出水口Wateroutlet2.进水口waterinlet3.罐体tank4.接砂口sandinlet5.排砂口sandoutlet6.支架support7.接砂罐sand-inpot8.冲洗口flushingoutletCentrifugalFilter网式过滤器ScreenFilter离心网式过滤器组合UnitedCentrifugalFilterandScreenFilter砂石过滤器SandFilter工作原理OperatingPrincipleInletShelfBodyFilterMediumOutlet叠片式过滤器DiscFilter施肥罐：FertilizerTank3.膜下滴灌系统的规划设计ProjectPlanningandDesignofDripIrrigationSystemunderMulchFilm3.1规划的基本原则Basicprincipleofprojectplanning滴灌工程的规划应与农田基本建设规划相结合Projectofdripirrigationshouldconsiderthebasicconstructionoffarmland.近期需要与远景发展规划相结合Requirementinthenearfutureshouldconnectwithdevelopmentinthefuture.滴灌工程的规划应综合考虑工程的经济、社会和生态效益。Projectofdripirrigationshouldtakeintoaccountbenefitsofeconomic,socialandecology.3.1.2规划的内容Contentsofproject勘测收集基本资料Surveyandcollectbasicdata论证工程的必要性和可行性Evaluatenecessityandfeasibilityofproject确定工程的控制范围和规模Ascertaincontrollingareaandscopeofproject选择适当的取水方式Chooseproperfetchingwatermode滴灌系统选型Choosedripirrigationsystem工程布置Projectdisposal做出工程概算Workoutprojectbudgetaryestimates3.1.3资料的收集Datacollection地理位置与地形资料Geographicallocationandtopographydata土地与工程地质资料Soilandprojectgeologydata水文与气象资料Hydrologyandweatherdata农作物资料Cropdata水源与动力情况Watersourceanddrivercondition社会经济状况及农业发展规划方面的基本资料Situationofsocialeconomyandagriculturedevelopmentproject3.2滴灌系统的布置Layoutofdripirrigationsystem控制面积的确定Ascertainmentofcontrollingarea水源供水流量稳定且无调蓄能力时可用下式确定滴灌面积Usethefollowingformulatodecideirrigationarea,aswaterissupplyingstablyandnoadjustment:aIQtA10式中：intheformula：A——可灌面积，hm2；irrigationarea，hm2；Q——可供流量，m3/h；flowrate，m3/h；Ia——设计供水强度，mm/d；designedwatersupplyintensity，Ia=Ea-P0Ea——设计耗水强度，mm/d；designedwaterconsumeintensity，mm/d；P0——有效降雨量，mm/d；efficiencyofrainfall，mm/d；t——水源每日供水时数，h/d；hourofwatersupplyeveryday，h/d；η——灌溉水利用系数。coefficientofirrigationwater.水源有调蓄能力且调蓄容积已定时，可用下式确定滴灌面积Usethefollowingformulatodecideirrigationarea,aswatersourceisadjustableandadjustingcubageisfixed：式中：intheformula：K——塘坝复蓄系数，K=1.0—1.4；K——efficiencyofponddamrepeatedsavingwater，K=1.0—1.4；η——蓄水利用系数，η=0.6—0.7；η——coefficientofsavingwater，η=0.6—0.7；V——蓄水工程容积，m3；V——watersavingprojectcubage，m3；Ii——灌溉季节各月的毛供水强度，mm/d；Ii——grosswatersupplyintensityofeverymonthinirrigationseason，mm/d；Ti——灌溉季节各月的供水天数，d。Ti——supplywaterdaynumberofeverymonthinirrigationseason，d.iiTIKVA103.2.2常见的几种管网布置方式Somefamiliarpipenetworkslayouts60120管毛管Laterals12060120毛管Laterals125120125出地管Hydrant干Mainline支Manifold管水源Watersource水源位于田块的中心，控制面积较大时，常采用一字形树枝装管网布置形式“一”disposaltreeformofpipenetworks,ascontrollingareaislargeorwatersourceislocatedincenterofthefield.“一”字形布置“一”disposalT形布置“T”disposal管125水源watercourceMainline管干出地管Hydrant120125支Mainfold毛管Laterals12060毛管Lateral60120120梳齿形布置Combformdisposal1201206060120120125125管支125分管出地管干管管125分支毛管Laterals出地管Hydrant干Mainline管干水源watersource毛管Laterals毛管Laterals毛管LateralsManifoldMainlineSubmain3.3系统设计参数的确定Ascertainmentofsystemdesignparameter基本参数Basicparameter1、设计保证率Insurancerateofdesign2、灌溉水的利用率不低于90%Irrigationwateruseefficiencyisnotlessthan90%3、设计系统的日工作小时应根据不同水源和农业技术条件确定，一般不宜大于20hWorkhourofdesignedsystemaccordingtodifferentwatersourceandagriculturetechnicalcondition,anditisbetternottoworkmorethan20hours.4、滴头设计工作水头应取所选滴头的额定工作水头，或由滴头压力与流量关系曲线确定。Choosenominalworkingwaterheadasworkpressure,ordoaccordingtopressureandflowratecurveofemitter.5、设计耗水强度应采用作物耗水强度峰值，并应由当地试验资料确定。Designedconsumewaterintensity（Ea）：should