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《大学英语精读（二）》2010年1月期末考试指导1北京师范大学网络教育《大学英语（二）》2011年1月期末考试指导一、考试说明1.考试时间：90分钟。2.试卷总分：100分。3.试卷题型：交际用语；阅读理解；词汇和结构；完型填空；翻译；写作。二、重点知识及习题（一）重点知识第一部分：交际用语答题技巧：这部分主要考察日常英语交际能力，考察内容全部为日常生活的对话，相对来说这部分比较简单，掌握常用的交际用语原则和习惯搭配就好。但是也要注意这方面的题目往往上充满陷阱，答题时一定要做到仔细，不能一晃而过。考前请同学们一定要把课本里面的每单元Talkaboutit部分多读几遍，熟悉关于问候、感谢以及一些其它的日常话题。1、交际用语的原则：在学习、使用和复习交际用语部分时，大家要掌握使用交际用语的几个原则：A.礼貌原则。无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/情感，发话/发问和应答都要有礼貌，即使表达不同看法或批评意见，也要委婉间接表达。对于别人的要求如果不同意，也要先说sorry，然后用but做连接词表示委婉。对于别人给予的好意，首先要表示感谢，用thanks或thankyou，其次不可断然拒绝或否定别人的做法，如果不同意可以用but做连接词表示委婉。B.利他原则。在日常交际中，英语国家人民形成了一种习俗，即要尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便，对别人遇到的好事、成功要表示高兴，坏事要表示难过、惋惜，因此在交际用语中也要体现出来这种倾向别人的好消息，要表示祝贺对别人的道歉表示接受，并说明无关紧要2、特定场景中的惯用语1).打电话的常用语—Who’sthatspeaking?—ThisisTomspeaking.在电话用语中用Thisis/thatis来表示通话中的双方，动词则常用speaking和talking。2).征询意见的用语和答语—HowaboutgoingtodinnerattheMexicanrestauranttonight?—That’sgreat!—Howaboutgoingtothecinematonight,Jane？—I’msorry.Ihavetodrivemymotherhometonight.—Shallwesituphereonthegrassordowntherenearthewater？—I’dratherstayhereifyoudon’tmindWhatabout、howabout、shallwe用来询问情况、征求意见，表示赞同的答语可以用whynot?\Goodidea\Wonderful等，在表示不同意见时应注意委婉，比如I’mafraidthat….I’msorrythat…。（3）购物消费的常用语—Excuseme,howmuchisthejacket?《大学英语精读（二）》2010年1月期末考试指导2—It’s499Yuan.Wouldyouliketotryiton?Howmuch?这是在购物时常见的“询价”用语，一般由顾客发起，由售货员来回答，tryon的意思是“试穿”。举例：1.—Who’sthatspeaking?—ThisisTom____________.A.speaksB.spokenC.speakingD.saying2.—____________—Heteachesphysicsinaschool.A.Whatdoesyourfatherwanttodo?B.Whoisyourfather?C.Whatisyourfather?D.Whereisyourfathernow?3.—I’vegotthefirstprizeinthedancingcontest.—A.You’rewelcome.B.It’sverykindofyou.C.Pleaseacceptmycongratulations.D.Oh,really,Ican’tbelievemyears.4.—I’vepassedtheexamination.—A.Whatapity!B.IhavetheexaminationC.Comeon.D.Congratulations5.—I’msufferingfromastomachache.—A.Areyoufeelingbetter?B.Whyareyouhere?C.Areyoupleased?D.What’sthematterwithyou?6.—Whatwouldyouliketodrink?—A.Anythingwrong.B.VerygoodC.Welldone.D.orangejuice,please.7.—I’mengaged.—onyourengagement.A.CongratulationsB.PleasureC.WelcomeD.Cheers第二部分：阅读理解答题技巧：这部分是英语考试的重点，其所占分值也是比较大的，因此阅读理解做得好与坏就成了考试成功与否的关键。在做阅读理解时需要注意到以下几点：1、阅读文章之前，可以先浏览一下文后的问题，做到心中有数，带着问题去阅读，提高阅读的效率。2、第一遍阅读时先快速浏览文章各个段落的首尾句，了解文章的大体结构，判断文章的类别，根据各类文章的性质，在开始阅读后有意识的着重去掌握和记住某些关键的内容和词汇。3、第二遍细读，答题时注意找出主体句，利用主体句查找有关信息。4、掌握好解题的速度，有效的控制考试时间，先易后难是考试时答题的一般方法。碰到难题不要钻牛角尖，耽误太多时间。要懂得果断的舍弃。5、对于一般不影响句子或全文理解的生词，可以放过去，不必务求理解。举例：Passage1Mysecretforstayingyoungissimple.Putallattentiontothepartofyourbrainandkeepityoungandgrowing.Keepyourmindawakeandyou'llstayyoungallover.Theseareexciting《大学英语精读（二）》2010年1月期末考试指导3times.Takeaninterestintheworldaroundyou,andsticktolearningatleastonenewthingeveryday.Nomatterhowoldyouare,it'snottoolatetomakeyourlifemoreinteresting.Iknowahousewifewithnoknowledgebeforeshemadeherselfintoawell-knownengineer.Iknowaretiredelectricalengineerwhohasbecomeahighly-paiddressdesigner.Getovertheideathatyouaretoooldtogobacktoschool.Iknowamanwhoenteredmedicalcollegeat70.Hegothisdegreewithhonoursandbecameafamousdoctor.Anothermanwenttolawschoolat71andnowwasanactivelawyer.Stayingyoungiseasyforthose,oldoryoung,wholiveinthefuture.Youcandoitifyoucareenoughtotry.Keepyourmindawakeandactive:that'stheonlyway.1.Accordingtothepassage,thatpeople'sbrainofallagesremainsyoungandgrowingis____.A.impossibleB.ascientificfactC.asecretD.awrongconclusion2.Itiswrongfortheoldto______.A.thinkhimselftoooldtogobacktoschoolB.keephismindawakeC.trytostayyoungD.leadanactivelife3.Thepassagesaysthatthemanwhoenteredcollegeat70_______.A.wasunthinkableB.becametiredofhislifeC.wantedtobeahighly-paidmanD.becamefamousinthemedicalcircle4.Theonlywaytokeepyoungis______.A.togobacktoschoolB.nottoconsiderone'sageC.toliveinthefutureD.tokeepone'smindawakeandalive5.Thewritersuggeststhatyoushould_____learningatleastonenewthingeveryday.A.takecareofB.setoutC.keeponD.turntoPassage2Completingteacherevaluationsrequiresmaturityandobjectivity.Everysemesterwearegiventheopportunitytoevaluateourinstructors.Wearesupposedtojudgetheirlectures,interestinstudentproblems,methodsofassigningwork,andgeneralabilitiestoconductclass.Thenwhentheinstructorhaslefttheroom,wemustwriteourevaluationsontheformsprovided.Wearenotsupposedtoexchangeviewsordiscussourresponses.Aftereveryonehascompletedtheforms,onestudentcollectsandtallies(点数)theresponsesandthenseals(密封)theminanenvelope.Itisverydifficulttoevaluateanotherperson’sperformanceobjectively.Forexample,Sallyrecentlywroteirresponsibleremarksaboutherinstructorbecauseshewasfailingthecourse.HerclassmateHarrywroteamarvelousdescriptionofthesameinstructorbecausehewasreceivinganAinthecourse.NeitherSallynorHarrywasfairlyevaluatingtheinstructor.Theywereinfluencedbythegradestheywereearningandwerebiased(存在偏见)intheirjudgments.AnotherirresponsibleformofevaluationoccurredwhenJamesratedhisinstructorasexcellentbecausetheinstructorwas“easy”.Hegavefewtestsandonlyassignedonepaperduringtheentireterm.Hislectureswereoftenfilledwithjokesandendlessstoriesabouthisfamily.Ontheotherhand,JamesratedProfessorJonesaspoorbecauseheassignedtextworkdaily,gavepretestreviewsandposttestreviews,andpackedhisle