农业资源与环境专业

第八章农业资源利用与粮食安全第八章教学目的弄清粮食安全的基本涵义与保障措施了解粮食安全与农业资源利用的关系熟悉农业生态建设与粮食安全的关系Section1ThegreatstrategicsignificanceforensuringournationalfoodsafetyFoodsafetyFoodquantitysafetyFoodqualitysafetySafetyoffoodsustainableproductioncapability——Thebasalstandardoffoodquantitysafety——Thesafetystandardsoffoodwithouttoxicandhazardousmaterials,orthepoisonoussubstancescontentdosenotexceedspecifiedstandards——indicatingfoodproductiveresource,environmentalandecologicalsafety，i.e.ensuringfoodsafetyofqualityandquantity,thereoughttobecorrespondingresource,environmentalandecologicalsafetyasguarantee(Extensivemeanings)（Extensivemeanings）(Narrowmeanings)一、Summarizationoffoodsafety二、Theimportantsignificanceforensuringournationalfoodsafety1.Livingsignificance—Enhancinglife-qualityEdiblesafety,Nutrition,Highqualityfood，guaranteepeople'slifesafetyandlife-quality2.Economicsignificance—enhancingeconomicincomeMaintainingfoodsafetyandupgradingfoodqualityareofgreatadvantagetopromoteinternationalexporttrade，enhanceeconomicreturnsofstate,enterprisesandfarmers.3.Ecologicalsignificance—ImprovingecologicalenvironmentFirstly,makingeveryefforttoreducetheapplicationofchemicalfertilizer,pesticide,herbicidetofarmland,which.cannotonlyreduceagriculturalproductspollution，butalsodecreaseatmosphere,waterandsoilpollution,andplaygreatimportanceinprotectbiodiversity;Secondly,practisingcleanerproductioninallstepsandnon-productionforpre-production—duringproduction—postproduction,goingtotheway“CyclicEconomy”；Thirdly，protectingecologicalenvironment,namelyprotectthecapabilityoffoodsustainableproduction.4.Socialeffect—maintainingsocialstability“Foodbegodtothepeople，safetytakepriorityoffood”.“Wellfed,wellbred”（foodquantitysafety）、“bewellfed”（foodqualitysafety）and“eatinghealthy”（safetyofthecapabilityofsustainableproduction），peoplecanliveandworkinpeaceandcontentment，settledowntoproduce.societycanbesafety,stabilization.theworldcanbepeacefulandtranquility.5.Politicalsignificance—nation’longperiodstabilityInternationalaspect:ournationisadevelopingagriculturalgreatPower.ensuringfoodquantitysafetyisthepoliticalneedsofdefendingstatesovereigntyandsafety,insteadingofanothercountry'scontrolintheinternational.Domesticaspect：onlyfoodquantity,foodqualityandthecapabilityofsustainableproductionallhavesafetycontrol，itwillbeinfavoroflongperiodstabilityofournation.Section2ChinesefoodsafetyconfrontedwithausteritychallengeFoodquantityinsufficient，qualificationratenothigh；Residuehighleveloftoxicandhazardousmaterialsinfood，manyfoodpoisoningincidents;Resource,ecological,environmentalproblemsarehighlight，thecapabilityoffoodsustainableproductionconfrontedwithpotentialthreat.lawandregulationsoffoodsafetyimperfect,theirexecutingandsupervisionforceinadequatly.Ournationalfoodsafetyfacingmainproblems1.FoodquantityinsufficientOnthewhole，sincethePeople'sRepublicofChinafoundedfor58yr，dresswarmlyandearone'sfillproblemofpeopleofthewholecountryhavesolvedbasically，foodquantityisnolongertheprincipalproblem,butwemusthaveanoticeof:（1）Bigdifference——Comparedwithdevelopedcountry；（2）Slowincreasing——Ourcountry’pergrainleveldidnotincreasefor18years,haddecreasedtothelowestvaluein2003；（3）Manydifficulties——Conflictsincreasingapparently,includingbetweenhumanandland,humanandfood.2.QualificationratenothighOurcountry’foodsanitationaveragequalificationratewas61.5％in1982，reachedto88.6％in2001，thisisagreatprogressbyhimself；Butcomparedtointernationallevels,stillexistingmanyproblems。In2000,ourcountry’agriculturalministryreportedthatexceedstandardrateofpesticideresiduein130vegetablesand10187fruitssampleswas19％inchina;In2001,twosampledresultsofqualityinspectgeneralburearshowedthatpesticideresiduequalificationrateonlywere72.％and64.5％，especiallyorganicphosphoruspesticideresidueproblem.3.Residueleveloftoxicandhazardousmaterialsinfoodhigh4.Appearingmanyfoodpoisoningincidents,badlyendangersocialstabilityFoodpoisoningincidentshaveincreasedinourcountryfornearlymanyyears,whichbadlydamagedpeople’lifeandwealth——Accordingtopublicationdataofhealthministryfrom1998to2004，existing1896foodpoisoningincidents，73534poisoningpersons，1254deathtoll，amountedto271incidentsperyear，10505poisoningpersons，179deathtoll，producingbadlysequel.Table1?YearsPoisoningincidentspoisoningpersonsDeathtoll19985558388819999749991032000150627315020017062219318420021287126138200337912876323200438114229268Total1896735341254Average27110505179Table1.Foodpoisoningincidents(1998～2004)Verystandingoutresource,ecological,environmentalproblemshavethreatenfoodsustainableproductioncapabilityinourcountry.PlowlandacutelydecreasingWaterandsoillossseverityBiodiversitydecreasingEnvironmentalpollutionprickingupNaturalcalamityFrequencyhigh5.Resource,ecological,environmentalproblemsarehighlight，thecapabilityoffoodsustainableproductionconfrontedwithpotentialthreatPlowlandresourceacutelydecreasingAtpresent，plowlandamountsinourcountryisnotenough.In2004percapitaplowlandwasonly0.095hm2。Ourcountrydecreased4.6667millionhm2goodplowlandareain10years,whichlostover400milliontonsgrains，accountedfor10％