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冶金专业词汇1总论采矿mining地下采矿undergroundmining露天采矿opencutmining,openpitmining,surfacemining采矿工程miningengineering选矿（学）mineraldressing,orebeneficiation,mineralprocessing矿物工程mineralengineering冶金（学）metallurgy过程冶金（学）processmetallurgy提取冶金（学）extractivemetallurgy化学冶金（学）chemicalmetallurgy物理冶金（学）physicalmetallurgy金属学Metallkunde冶金过程物理化学physicalchemistryofprocessmetallurgy冶金反应工程学metallurgicalreactionengineering冶金工程metallurgicalengineering钢铁冶金（学）ferrousmetallurgy,metallurgyofironandsteel有色冶金(学)nonferrousmetallurgy真空冶金(学)vacuummetallurgy等离子冶金(学)plasmametallurgy微生物冶金(学)microbialmetallurgy喷射冶金(学)injectionmetallurgy钢包冶金(学)ladlemetallurgy二次冶金(学)secondarymetallurgy机械冶金(学)mechanicalmetallurgy焊接冶金(学)weldingmetallurgy粉末冶金(学)powdermetallurgy铸造学foundry火法冶金(学)pyrometallurgy湿法冶金(学)hydrometallurgy电冶金(学)electrometallurgy氯冶金(学)chlorinemetallurgy矿物资源综合利用engineeringofcomprehensiveutilizationofmineralresources中国金属学会TheChineseSocietyforMetals中国有色金属学会TheNonferrousMetalsSocietyofChina2采矿采矿工艺miningtechnology有用矿物valuablemineral冶金矿产原料metallurgicalmineralrawmaterials矿床mineraldeposit特殊采矿specializedmining海洋采矿oceanicmining,marinemining矿田minefield矿山mine露天矿山surfacemine地下矿山undergroundmine矿井shaft矿床勘探mineraldepositexploration矿山可行性研究minefeasibilitystudy矿山规模minecapacity矿山生产能力mineproductioncapacity矿山年产量annualmineoutput矿山服务年限minelife矿山基本建设mineconstruction矿山建设期限mineconstructionperiod矿山达产arrivalatminefullcapacity开采强度miningintensity矿石回收率orerecoveryratio矿石损失率orelossratio工业矿石industrialore采出矿石extractedore矿体orebody矿脉vein海洋矿产资源oceanicmineralresources矿石ore矿石品位oregrade岩石力学rockmechanics岩体力学rockmassmechanics3选矿选矿厂concentrator,mineralprocessingplant工艺矿物学processmineralogy开路opencircuit闭路closedcircuit流程flowsheet方框流程blockflowsheet产率yield回收率recovery矿物mineral粒度particlesize粗颗粒coarseparticle细颗粒fineparticle超微颗粒ultrafineparticle粗粒级coarsefraction细粒级finefraction网目mesh原矿runofmine,crude精矿concentrate粗精矿roughconcentrate混合精矿bulkconcentrate最终精矿finalconcentrate尾矿tailings粉碎comminution破碎crushing磨碎grinding团聚agglomeration筛分screening,sieving分级classification富集concentration分选separation手选handsorting重选gravityseparation,gravityconcentration磁选magneticseparation电选electrostaticseparation浮选flotation化学选矿chemicalmineralprocessing自然铜nativecopper铝土矿bauxite冰晶石cryolite磁铁矿magnetite赤铁矿hematite假象赤铁矿martite钒钛磁铁矿vanadiumtitano-magnetite铁燧石taconite褐铁矿limonite菱铁矿siderite镜铁矿specularite硬锰矿psilomelane软锰矿pyrolusite铬铁矿chromite黄铁矿pyrite钛铁矿ilmennite金红石rutile萤石fluorite高岭石kaolinite菱镁矿magnesite重晶石barite石墨graphite石英quartz方解石calcite石灰石limestone白云石dolomite云母mica石膏gypsum硼砂borax石棉asbestos蛇纹石serpentine阶段破碎stagecrushing粗碎primarycrushing中碎secondarycrushing细碎finecrushing对辊破碎机rollcrusher粉磨机pulverizer震动筛vibratingscreen筛网screencloth筛孔screenopening筛上料oversize筛下料undersize粗磨coarsegrinding细磨finegrinding球磨机ballmill衬板liner分级机classifier自由沉降freesetting沉积sedimentation石灰lime松油pineoil硫化钠sodiumsulfide硅酸钠（水玻璃）sodiumsilicate,waterglass过滤filtration过滤机filter给矿，给料feeding给矿机feeder在线分析仪onlineanalyzer在线粒度分析仪onlinesizeanalyzer超声粒度计ultrasonicparticlesizer,supersonicparticlesizer4冶金过程物理化学4.1冶金过程热力学冶金过程热力学thermodynamicsofmetallurgicalprocesses统计热力学statisticalthermodynamics不可逆过程热力学thermodynamicsofirreversibleprocesses化学热力学chemicalthernodynamics表面热力学surfacethermodynamics合金热力学thermodynamicsofalloys冶金热力学数据库thermodynamicsdatabankinmetallurgy系system单元系single-componentsystem多元系multicomponentsystem均相系统homogeneoussystem广度性质extensiveproperty强度性质intensiveproperty过程process等温过程isothermalprocess等压过程isobaricprocess等容过程isochoricprocess绝热过程adiabaticprocess可逆过程reversibleprocess不可逆过程irreversibleprocess自发过程spontaneousprocess自理过程physicalprocess化学过程chemicalprocess冶金过程metallurgicalprocess化学反应chemicalreaction化合反应combinationreaction分解反应decompositionreaction置换反应displacementreaction可逆反应reversiblereaction不可逆反应irreversiblereaction电化学反应electrochemicalreaction多相反应multiphasereaction固态反应solidstatereaction气一金(属)反应gas-metalreaction渣一金（属）反应slag-metalreaction平衡equilibrium化学平衡chemicalequilibrium相平衡phaseequilibrium热力学平衡thermodynamicequilibrium亚稳平衡metastableequilibrium热力学函数thermodynamicfunction偏摩尔量partialmolarquantity总摩尔量integralmolarquantity标准态standardstate焓enthalpy生成焓enthalpyofformation反应焓enthalpyofreaction熵entropy吉布斯能Gibbsenergy生成吉布斯能Gibbsenergyofformation反应吉布斯能Gibbsenergyofreaction溶解吉布斯能Gibbsenergyofsolution吉布斯能函数Gibbsenergyfunction化学位chemicalpotential热化学thermochemistry热效应heateffect热容heatcapacity熔化热heatoffusion汽化热heatofvaporization升华热heatofsublimation相变热heatofphasetransformation放热反应exothermicreaction吸热反应endothermicreaction赫斯定律Hess’slaw相律phaserule相图phasediagram一元相图single-componentphasediagram二元相图binary-componentphasediagram三元相图ternary-componentphasediagram液相线liquidus固相线solidus共晶点eutecticpoint杠杆规则leverrule溶液solution溶质solute溶剂solvent固溶体solidsolution溶液浓度concentrationofsolution摩尔分数molefraction冶金熔体metallurgicalmelt金属熔体metalmelt(炉)渣,熔渣slag熔盐moltensalt,fusedsalt理想溶液idealsolution真实溶液realsolution正规溶液regularsolution活度activity活度系数activitycoefficient拉乌尔定律Raoult’slaw亨利定律Henry’slaw纯物质标准态puresubstancestandard质量１％溶液标准(态)1mass%solutionstandard无限稀溶液参考态referencestateofinfinitylydilutesolution相互作用系数interactioncoefficient化学反