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几何光学与激光中常用英语词汇表Vocabulary1Paraxialray近轴光线imageformation成像opticalaxis光轴opticalcomponent光学元件homogenousmedium均匀介质Propagation传播Fermat’sprinciple费马原理Reflection反射Refraction折射Transmission透射refractiveindex折射率Normal法线，正交的Totalreflection全反射Surface表面Interface界面criticalangle临界角prism棱镜Splitter分束器convexlens凸透镜Resolution分辨率concaveboundary凹形边界focallength焦距antireflectioncoating减反覆层，抗反射膜Fiber光纤Cladding包层Perfectimage完善像Object(image)space物(像)空间magnification放大率Parallelplate平行平板focalplane焦平面stop光阑pupil光瞳raytracing光线追迹Incidentbeam入射光Vocabulary2Ultraviolet紫外的visible可见的infrared红外的scalarfunction标量函数vectorfunction矢量函数wavelength波长frequency频率Angularfrequency角频率Radian弧度interference干涉diffraction衍射polarization偏振electromagneticwave电磁波monochromaticwave单色波polychromaticwave多色波planewave平面波sphericalwave球面波amplitude振幅phase相位wavenumber波数wavefront波前wavevector波矢envelope包络Waveenvelope波包Wavepackettheory波包理论quarterwaveplate四分之一波片grating光栅absorption吸收phaseshift相移Spectrometer分光计，光谱仪spectroscopy光谱学superpositionprinciple叠加原理Opticalintensity光强interferometer干涉仪Scattering散射Freespace自由空间spacialfilter空间滤波器fourier-transforming傅立叶变换inversefourier-transforming逆傅立叶变换transferfunction传递函数Magnitude量值，值，大小Pinhole针孔HologramvocabularyHologram全息图holography全息术holographicreconstruction全息再现holographicrecording全息记录volumeholography体全息术referencewave参考波objectwave物波coherentlight相干光braggcondition布拉格（布喇格）条件conjugate共扼rainbowhologram彩虹全息图Exposure曝光Emulsion感光乳剂slit缝Orthogonal正交的monochromatic单色的Vibrate振动Apparatus器械，仪器Minimal最小的Fluctuation波动，起伏illuminate照明Transparency透明物Planar平面的Three-dimensinal三维的Vocabulary4Electricfield电场Magneticfield磁场Electromagneticfield电磁场Spectrum光谱Maxwellequation麦克斯韦方程Permittivity介电系数Permeability磁导率Electricfluxdensity电通量密度Magneticfluxdensity磁通量密度electricdisplacement电位移Freespace自由空间Medium介质Linear线性的Disperisive色散的Nondispersive非色散的Isotropic各向同性的Anisotropic各向异性的refractiveindex折射率absorptioncoefficient吸收系数phasevelocity相速度groupvelocity群速度Attenuation衰减alumina氧化铝Pulse脉冲Delay延迟Integrated-opticaldevice集成光学器件Vocabulary5transverseelectromagneticwave横电磁波Polarization偏振linearlypolarizedwave线偏振波circularlypolarizedlight圆偏振光ellipticallypolarizedlight椭圆偏振光Polarizer偏光器Polarizingbeamsplitter偏振分束器brewsterangle布儒斯特角Symmetry对称biaxialcrystal双轴晶体Uniaxialcrystal单轴晶体ordinaryindex寻常折射率extraordinarylight异常光doublerefraction双折射Birefringence双折射Calcite方解石quartz石英dichroic二向色的,二色性的Vocabulary6polarization-maintainingfiber偏振保持光纤，保偏光纤single-modefiber单模光纤multimodefiber多模光纤modaldispersion模式色散Dispersion-shiftedfiber色散位移光纤step-indexfiber阶跃折射率光纤graded-indexfiber渐变折射率光纤numericalaperture（NA）数值孔径Speckle散斑Vocabulary7Coherent相干的incoherent非相干的Photon光子amplifier放大器energylevel能级atomic原子的Transition跃迁Linewidth线宽thermalequilibrium热平衡Nonequlibrium非平衡populationinversion粒子数反转Pump泵浦，抽运Feedback反馈Loss损耗Gain增益saturatedgaincoefficient饱和增益系数Threshold阈值resonator共振器，共振腔pulsetrain脉冲序列Period周期modelocking/modelocked锁模Q-switchQ开关Modulate调制longitudinalmode纵模Free-runningmode自由振动模式spatialholeburning空间烧孔Vocabulary8correlation相关，关联statisticaldistribution统计分布Random随机的probability概率poissondistribution泊松分布Orthonormal标准正交的，规范正交的orthogonal正交的，垂直的eigenfunction本征函数harmonicoscillator谐振子quantaofenergy能量量子Particle粒子Momentum动量uncertaintyrelation不确定关系Heisenberg海森堡squeezedlight压缩光Coherentlight相干光quantumtheory量子理论photonflux光子通量entangle纠缠entangledphotonpairs纠缠光子对Bellinequality贝尔不等式teleportation隐形传态、离物传态quantumcryptography量子密码Vocabulary9frequencyconversion频率转换Downconversion下转换Parametricprocess参量过程Nonparametricprocess非参量过程SpontaneousParametricDownconversion自发参量下转换quasi-phasematch准相位匹配Phasemismatch相位失配Secondharmonicgeneration二次谐波产生，倍频效应Sum-frequencygeneration和频产生difference-frequencygeneration差频产生Opticalparametricamplification光学参量放大Opticalparametricoscillation光学参量振荡Qualityfactor品质因子nonlinearsusceptibility非线性极化率Polarization极化强度