医学物理学2008年中英文物理试卷

1汕大医学院临床医学/影像专业2008级（七年制）医学物理学学科考试试卷（A卷）班级学号姓名题号一二三四五六总得分复核得分阅卷人一、简答题（共计5题，每题2分）1.试描述毛细现象?2.试描述隧道效应?3.两列机械波的相干条件是什么?4.如何得到一个波函数?波函数的标准条件是什么？5.Whenasolute(溶质)isputintoasolvent（溶剂）,themoleculesofthesolutetendtomoveintothesolvent.Howdoesthesolutechangethesurfacetension（张力）ofthesolvent?Whatisthesolutecalled?得分2二、对错题（共计5题，每题2分）1.Whentheidealfluidflowssteadily（稳定地）inahorizontalpipe（水平管）,therelationofthecross-section（横截面）Softhepipe,thevelocityvofthefluidandthepressurepofthefluidisthatsmallerScorrespondsto（对应于）biggerpandbiggerv.rightwrong2.有两个半径分别为R1和R2的钢球被放入盛有粘滞液体的很深的池子内，由于池子中的液体具有粘滞性，小半径的钢球要比大半径的钢球下沉的慢。对错3.Thewavelength（波长）ofthescattered（散射的）lightinComptonscatteringbecomesshorterbecauseitlostsomeenergyduringtheprocess（过程）ofthecollision（碰撞）withelectron.rightwrong4.Whenlighttravelsthroughamedium（介质）withrefractiveindex1.5,itswavelengthwillbecomeshorterandthereforeitsfrequency（频率）willbecomehigherinordertomaintain（维持，保持）theconstantspeedoflight.rightwrong5.Theradioactivenuclides（放射性核素）arenotstable（稳定的）nucleiandtheywilldecay（衰变）.Therearethreeclassesofdecays.Oneofthemisdecaythatalsohasthreeforms:rightwrong三、选择题（共计6题，每题3分）（注意：这里是单选题）1.Amonochromatic(单色的)lightofwavelength600nmfallsonadoubleslit(双缝)ofseparation2mm.Ifascreenisplacedatadistanceof5mfromtheslits,findthedistanceofthefirstbrightfringe(条纹)fromthecenterofthezerothorder(零级)brightfringe._____.A.0.3mmB.0.15cmC.0.15mmD.0.3cmE.noneoftheabove2.TheelectronVoltisaunitof_______captureelectrondecayQdecayQAZAZAZAZAZAZQYXYXYX1-1-1得分得分3A.electricpotentialdifference(电压)B.X-raysC.energiesD.electricalcharges(电荷)E.noneoftheabove3.Ifanobjectislocated18cminfrontofalenswithfocallength(焦距)18cm,thenyoucanhave______.A.areduced(缩小的)realimageB.amagnified(放大的)realimageC.amagnifiedvirtual(虚的)imageD.areducedvirtualimageE.animagewiththesamesizeoftheobjectF.noneoftheabove4.Ifabeam(一束)ofmonochromatic(单色的)lighttravelsfromopticallythinnermedium(光疏介质)toopticallydensermedium(光密介质),A.thewavelengthandthefrequencyoflightareunchanged(不变的)B.itswavelengthbecomesshorteranditsfrequencybecomeshigherC.itswavelengthbecomesshorterbutitsfrequencyisunchangedD.itswavelengthbecomeslongeranditsfrequencybecomeslowerE.noneoftheabove5.Indamped(阻尼的)harmonicmotion,thesystemhasthefollowingpropertiesduetothedampedforceexerting(施加)onthesystem.Whichoftheflowingproperties(A,B,C,D)isnottrue.A.ThemechanicalenergyofthevibrationalsystemdecreasesB.ThevibrationalamplitudedecreasesC.ThevibrationgoesslowerandslowerD.TheperiodofthedampedvibrationgetslongerandlongerE.Noneoftheabove6.Anobjectmoveswithsimpleharmonicmotion.Ifbothofitsamplitude(振幅)andperiodaremultipliedbyafactorof2.Itsmaximumaccelerationis_______A.decreasedbyafactorof1/4;B.decreasedbyafactorof1/2C.increasedbyafactorof4D.increasedbyafactorof2E.unchanged四、填空题（共计8题，每题4分）.要求:在每题下面的空白部分，必需写出计算的主要步骤或公式，否则该题不得分。1.两辆摩托车在比赛中发出不同的噪音等级，如果一个摩托发出的噪音比另一个多10dB,请问高的声强是低的声强的几倍？答_______.得分42.一个远视病人的远点是60厘米。为了让他能清楚地阅读到距他眼前20厘米的报纸，请问所要配的眼镜的光焦度是多少屈光度？答：__________;3.Therearetwoidentical(同样的)soundsourcesS1andS2thatvibrate(振动)in-phase.TheirwavesmeetatapointP.Itisknownthat(asshowninFigure)thedistancesfromthetwosourcestoPareL1andL2respectively.ForwhatvaluesofL1-L2willconstructiveinterference(相强干涉)obtainandaloudest(最响的)soundbeheardatpointP.Answer：_______________________.4.有两个矢量:jiA22和kjiB222.这两个矢量的夹角为__________;这两个矢量的叉积BA的表达式是__________________________.S1S2PL1L255.一个透镜在水的焦度是4个屈光度。如果把它放到空气中，它的焦距是多少？答：________.(注：透镜的折射率为3/2，水的折射率为4/3，空气的折射率为1.).6.Acuboid(长方体)ofaluminium(铝)withitslength7meters,width5metersandheight1metersinairisthrownintodeepwatertoadepthof2km,whatisitsvolumechange?Supposethatthebulkmodulus(体积模量，denotedbyK)ofaluminiumis210100.7mN,thedensityofwateris103kg/m3,thegravitationalaccelerationgis10m/s2,1atm(atmosphericpressure)is25101.1mN(hint:forsimplicity,theatmosphericpressurecanbetakenaszero,NdenotesNewtonwiththedimensionof2smkg).Answer:__________.7.Atroomtemperature(27°C),atsealevel,airpressureisoneatmosphericpressurethatis25101.1mN,thenumberofmoleculesinunitvolume(m3)inairis____________;Thetotalaveragetranslationalkineticenergyinunitvolumeis__________.（hint：UsingKelvinasaunitfortemperature,takingC0as273K,Boltzmann’sconstant1231038.1KJk）68.写出磷Z=15的基态电子组态，即核外电子的分布组态.__________________________.五、计算题（共计3题，每题9分）.要求写出计算的主要步骤、公式等。1.Amassof200gisattachedto(连接到)oneendofaspringwithspringconstantk=7N/mandtheotherendofthespringisfixed.Thesystemvibrateshorizontallywithoutfriction(摩擦力).Themassisdisplaced5.0cmfromequilibriumandreleased.Find(a)itsmaximumspeedand(b)itskineticenergywhenitis4.0cmfromequilibrium.(c)what’sitsaccelerationwhenitisatx=4.0cm?（x=0istakenasoriginpointofx-axis）Solution:2.假设一个粒子在一维无限深势阱中运动，它的波函数和能量分别为LxL5sin25，其中(0xL)，和225825mLhE.试求：得分7(1)找到粒子的最大几率的位置；(2)计算此状态下的徳布罗意(DeBroglie)波长；(3)在[0,2L/5]的区间内找到该粒子的几率。Solution:3.一个圆柱形容器，直径0.2m,高0.8m，顶部开启，底部有个小孔，面积为4100.2m2。假定水以每秒4.010-4m3的速度注入该容器，问(1)容器中水面可以上升的高度？(2)如果达到最高度时停止防水，求容器内的水流尽所需的时间。(注：重力加速度取20.10smg)Solution:8F．实验题（3分）1、以下与实验课相关的叙述中，正确的是。A、在人耳听阈曲线测定的