物流配送外文文献及翻译

1.INTRODUCTIONLogisticsisnormallyconsideredasnothingmorethangettingtherightproducttotherightplaceattherighttimefortheleastcost.Facedwitharapidlychangingenvironment,revolutionarychangesintechnology,continuedgovernmentderegulation,theshorteningofproductlifecycle,proliferationofproductlinesandshiftsintraditionalmanufacturer-retailerrelationships,manyorganisationshavehadtorethinktheirtraditionalassumptions.Overthelasttenyearsoneofthemostsignificantchangesinmanagementthinkingwastheemphasisonthesearchforstrategiesthatwillprovidesuperiorvalueincompetition.Logisticsmanagementhasthepotentialtoassisttheorganisationintheachievementofbothacost/productivityadvantageandavalueadvantage.Theimportanceoflogisticsanditsintegrationinthesupplychainwasarguedby.Chinaisahugeconsumermarketthataccountedforathirdofglobaleconomicgrowthoverthepastthreeyears.Itsdevelopmentspeedandpotentialcannotbeignoredbytherestoftheworld.AsaresultofChina’sinternalandexternaleconomicattributes,mostoftheglobalconsumerbrandshaveestablishedoperationsthere.Inparticularintheautomobileindustry,manyoftheleadingglobalOEMsincludingHonda,Toyota,GeneralMotors,VolkswagenandFordhaveestablishedjoint-venturepartnershipswithlocalcarmanufacturers.AutosalesinChinaroseby76%intheyeartoJuly2003andby2011,ChinaisexpectedtosurpassJapantobecometheworld’ssecondlargestautomarket.InordertocompeteintheChinesemarketshareandsatisfyincreasingdemand,theseoperationsarecontinuouslyexpandingtheirproductionvolumeswithastonishingspeed.Suchexpansionis,howevercarriedoutinthecontextofalegacyenvironment.Chinaspansalargegeographicalareawith,inmanyparts,under-developedinfrastructure.Thispresentsachallengetoefficientdeploymentoflogisticsstrategies.Furthermore,theinvolvementofthirdpartylogisticsproviders,favouredbymostglobalOEMs,isanemergentconsiderationinChina.Finally,theconflictsthatinevitablyariseinthejointventurepartnershipsleadtodelaysintheintroductionofwesternlogisticsmanagementexperiencesandmethodsfromtheOEMs.AllthesefactorsincreasethedifficultiesinmanaginglogisticsbyChina’slocalautomakers.2.TheoveralldevelopmentofforeigndistributionOverview2.1TheUnitedStatesofmodernlogisticsdevelopmentTwenty-firstcenturyfromthe60sonwards,therationalizationofdistributionofgoodsingeneralarevaluedintheUnitedStatestotakethefollowingmeasures:First,thewarehousewillreplacetheolddistributioncenter:Thesecondisthemanagementoftheintroductionofcomputernetworks,ontheloadingandunloading,handling,custody,standardizedoperation,improveoperatingefficiency;Third,thecommonchaindistributioncenterssetuptopromotethegrowthofchain-effective.UnitedStateschainstoreshaveavarietyofdistributioncenters,mainlyinthewholesale-based,retailandwarehouse-typethreetypes.2.2Japan'smodernlogisticsdevelopmentOnlogisticsanddistributionofwoodwiththefollowingfeatures:well-developeddistributionchannels,frequent,low-volumestock,logisticsanddistributionreflectsthecommonandsetthetrendsticks,logisticsanddistributioncooperative,theGovernmentplanninginthedevelopmentofmodernlogisticsanddistributionplayanimportantroleintheprocessof.2.3EuropeanmoderndevelopmentoflogisticsCountriesinEurope,especiallyGermany,logisticsreferstotheuser'sordersinaccordancewiththerequirementsofpositionsinthelogisticssub-goodsdistribution,thegoodswillbesenttotheconsigneewithgoodactivities.Germany'slogisticsindustryformedofbasiccommoditiesfromorigintodistributioncenter,fromthedistributioncenter(andsometimesthroughmorethanonedistributioncenter)arriveatthemodernmodeofendcustomers.TraveledinGermany,itcanbesaidofthelogisticsanddistributioninGermanyhasbeenformedtofinaldemand-orientedtothemodernizationoftransportandhigh-techinformationnetworkasabridgetoareasonableR69distributioncenterhubtorunacompletesystem.2.4themainreasonsoflogisticsindustrydevelopingfasterindevelopedcountriesRelyingonhigh-techtothecoreeconomiesofscaletoallowflexibilitybasedonavarietyofforms.3、China's3PLenterprisesarefacingamajorobstacletobusiness3.1ThecurrentsituationofChina's3PLChina's3PLenterprises:serviceradiusofasmall,lowentrybarriers.Withthegradualwarmingheatlogistics,urbanlogisticsindustryisalsoincreasinglyunitarycoveredbytheimportanceanddevelopment.However,duetohistoricalreasonsinourcountry,thelong-standingemphasisonproductionofalightflow,heavyflowtolighttheideaofthelogistics,distributionofdevelopmentinthenotyetripeatthisstage,thereistheissuemoreprominentinthefollowingtwoaspects:theservicedeliverydifficulttoplayacentralrole,theprocessofdistributionofthelowlevelofmodernization.China's3PLcompanieswithforeign3PLcompaniesmainlyinthegapbetweenthethreeaspects:First,procurementcapacity,andtheotherislogistics,andthethirdiscashflow.Aspectsoflogisticsanddistribution,foreignretailershavedoneverywell,hasasetofefficientlogisticsinformationsystem,whichcaneffectivelyimprovetheinventoryturnoverrate,soastoenhancethereturnonassetsandprofitability.Anddomesticretailersinthisareahasjuststarted,orhavenotyetstarted.3.2distributioncenterlowertheoveralldistribution,commercialchainfailedtogivefullplaytotheadvantagesFromourpointofviewtheexis