十七世纪江南的生态农业

pre-industrial123ecologicalagriculture419601JackGoldstoneEfflorescencesandEconomicGrowthinWorldHistory:Rethinkingthe“RiseoftheWest”andtheIndustrialRevolution,inJournalofWorldHistory,Fall2002.2200213InternationalEconomicHistoryAssociation101819AgriculturalProductivityin18thand19thcenturyEurasia·421156W.Albreche1970M.Worthington19817891034200152002112861960RegressiveAgricultureModern&NaturalAgricultureModern&OrganicAgricultureNo-doingAgricultureBiodynamicAgricultureVeganicAgricultureAlternativeAgricultureBiologicalAgricultureEcologicalAgricultureThreedimensionalAgricultureSustainableAgricultureSustainableAgricultureLow-InputAgricultureLow-EntropyAgricultureEcologicalEconomicalAgricultureIntegratedAgricultureIntensive&SustainableAgricultureIntensiveAgriculture21://:AgriculturalDevelopmentinJiangnan,1620-1850,TheMacmillanPressLtd.(Houndmills,England)&St.Martin’sPress,Inc.(NewYork,USA),1998.1419576364151982316171617197941819,2021221983177178181912620114148212219853523242519852BozhongLi:AgriculturalDevelopmentinJiangnan,1620-1850,ch.3,4,5.231162425172626272829303132333435261452728291960301643132331793419793519953473637381234362137388394041424344454639()40198141197942’13243444586461215161794748149250351521234748://(268)21.5101559137660114610.55198410.28102.862636496155163123203014.41.7651.71637.222432465428.8523.56656562215012.596711532681988136554216612667681011369706941.22852970105147172737410075767115272199973154741980200419827517976150.87711781110.7797080817.51.53.617.42.1882838458586777818301000400027980501711410.80.652171381.051.060.940.950.6521110.90.6197692143149637570127070811018283103848516878856150389318909192563,5001.5933225694959686871478819991899088200286.369182.413310189293869435695’1329617979899195010097197917498195699AgriculturalDevelopmentinJiangnan,1620-185031001801810119601021970198120103123131121210118010210400220199760002001172002112010310200016010199475119996775001521479184199049213.719125301041979104201051061071081091010011010010510610710831960212110011011121091101516344537419791112251121131141151163311711211131141151161173231181191201211221233012412512611848124119423120121221221231242040303019302830131132125126271987425198812412765128129195019501271837.5%31281292560%1301950131132133134135136130195825513119921322000133102000300134531994135136JohnHicks:ATheoryofEconomicHistoryOxford:GlarendonPress5-626