THE-CHLORINE-MANUAL-氯气手册

THECHLORINEINSTITUTE,INC.MISSIONSTATEMENTTheChlorineInstitute,Inc.existstosupportthechlor-alkaliindustryandservethepublicbyfosteringcontinuousimprovementstosafetyandtheprotectionofhumanhealthandtheenvironmentconnectedwiththeproduction,distributionanduseofchlorine,sodiumandpotassiumhydroxides,andsodiumhypochlorite;andthedistributionanduseofhydrogenchloride.Thissupportextendstogivingcontinuedattentiontothesecurityofchlorinehandlingoperations.TheInstitutestrivestomeettheseobligationsbymaintainingascientificandtechnicalorganizationthatfullymeetstheneedsandexpectationsofitsmembersandthepublic.TheInstituteworkswithgovernmentagencies,itsmembers,andotherstakeholderstoencouragetheuseofcrediblescienceandproventechnologyinthedevelopmentofvoluntaryactionsandregulationstoenhancesafetyandsecurityinoperationsinvolvingitsMissionchemicals.TheInstitutebelievesthatitsMissionchemicalsareessentialtosocietyandcanbeproducedandusedsafely.AmericanNationalStandard-February29,2000ThisPublicationhasbeenapprovedasanAmericanNationalStandard(ANS).ApprovalofanANSrequiresreviewbyTheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)thattherequirementfordueprocess,consensus,andothercriteriaforapprovalhavebeenmetbythestandardsdeveloper.Consensusisestablishedwhen,inthejudgementoftheANSIBoardofStandardsReview,substantialagreementhasbeenreachedbydirectlyandmateriallyaffectedin4erests.Substantialagreementmeansmuchmorethanasimplemajority,butnotnecessarilyunanimity.Consensusrequiresthatallviewsandobjectionsbeconsidered,andthataconcertedeffortbemadetowardtheirresolution.TheuseofANSsiscompletelyvoluntary;theirexistencedoesnotinanyrespectprecludeanyone,whetherheorshehasapprovedthestandardsornot,frommanufacturing,marketing,purchasing,orusingproducts,processes,orproceduresnotconformingtothestandards.TheANSIdoesnotdevelopstandardsandwillinnocircumstancesgiveaninterpretationofanyANS.Moreover,nopersonshallhavetherightorauthoritytoissueaninterpretationofanANSinthenameoftheANSI.Requestsforinterpretationsshouldbeaddressedtothesecretariatorsponsorwhosenameappearsonthetitlepageofthisstandard.CautionNotice:ThisANSmayberevisedorwithdrawnatanytime.TheproceduresoftheANSIrequirethatactionbetakenperiodicallytoreaffirm,revise,orwithdrawthisstandard.PurchasersofANSsmayreceivecurrentinformationonallstandardsbycallingorwritingtheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute.i.INTRODUCTION•TheChlorineManual•CommitmenttoResponsibleCare®•Checklists•References1.GENERALINFORMATION11.1ChlorineManufacture11.2ChlorineinTransportation11.3OtherRegulatoryAspects21.4ChemicalandPhysicalProperties21.5Terminology31.6HealthHazards41.7OtherHazards41.8Containers52.CYLINDERSANDTONCONTAINERS62.1ContainerDescriptions62.2ContainerValves72.3PressureReliefDevices72.4ContainerShipping82.5ContainerLabelingandPlacarding82.6ContainerHandling82.7ContainerStorage92.8ContainerUse93.BULKSHIPPINGCONTAINERS123.1General123.2TankCars123.3TankMotorVehicles163.4PortableTanks183.5TankBarges184.EMERGENCYMEASURES204.1General204.2ResponsetoaChlorineRelease204.3ResponsetoaFire204.4Releases214.5TransportationEmergencies224.6DisposalofChlorine244.7AbsorptionSystems244.8EmergencyKitsandRecoveryVessels244.9Reporting255.EMPLOYEETRAININGANDSAFETY265.1EmployeeTraining265.2PersonalProtectiveEquipment265.3ConfinedSpaceEntry275.4PersonalExposureMonitoring276.MEDICALASPECTSANDFIRSTAID286.1HazardstoHealth286.2PreventiveHealthMeasures286.3FirstAid296.4MedicalManagementofChlorineExposures297.ENGINEERINGDESIGNANDMAINTENANCE317.1Structures317.2Ventilation317.3MaterialforProcessingEquipment327.4Electrolyzers(Cells)327.5Chlorinators337.6Vaporizers337.7SupportEquipment337.8PipingSystemsforDryChlorine347.9PipingSystemsforWetChlorine367.10StationaryStorage367.11EquipmentMaintenance377.12ChlorineNeutralization378.KEYREGULATIONSANDCODES388.1OccupationalSafetyandHealthRegulations29CFR388.2NavigationandNavigableWaterRegulations33CFR398.3EnvironmentalRegulations40CFR398.4ShippingRegulations46CFR(WaterTransportation)408.5TransportationRegulations49CFR418.6FireCodes42TABLEOFCONTENTS9.TECHNICALDATA439.1General439.2AtomicandMolecularProperties439.3ChemicalProperties439.4PhysicalProperties4410.SELECTEDREFERENCES5210.1U.S.GovernmentRegulationsandSpecifications5210.2CanadianRegulations5210.3ChlorineInstituteReferences5210.4AmericanConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrialHygienists5410.5AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers5410.6AmericanSocietyforTestingMaterials5410.7AmericanWaterWorksAssociation5510.8AssociationofAmericanRailroads5510.9CompressedGasAssn.5510.10NationalAcademyofSciences5510.11NationalFireProtectionAssociation5510.12NationalInstituteofOccupationalSafetyandHealth5510.13NationalSafetyCouncil5510.14NSFInternational5510.15WaterEnvironmentFederation5510.16WorldHealthOrganization5510.17ChemicalIndustryInst.OfToxicology5610.18OtherReferences56ILLUSTRATIONSFig.2.1ChlorineCylinders6Fig.2.2ChlorineTonContainer6Fig.2.3StandardCylinderValve7Fig.2.4StandardTonContainerValve7Fig.2.5StandardFusiblePlugforTonContainers7Fig.2.6LiftingBeamforHandlingChlorineTonContainers8Fig