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Grammar1.Readingaloudisveryhelpful.2.Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.3.Thefilmisexciting.4.Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.5.Theykeptmewaitingatthegate.主语宾语表语定语宾语补足语找出下面ing形式在句子中所充当的成分6.Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-ball.7.BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.8.Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.9.Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.10.Thestudentscameintothelab,followingtheirteacher.完成…后（时间状语）作为…（原因状语）如果…（条件状语）结果状语伴随状语小结-ing形式的用法1)可以有名词作用,在句中做主语、宾语、表语；2)可以有形容词作用，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语；3)可以有副词作用，在句中作状语。ing做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随1.分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。使用-ing形式需注意的几个问题。Walkinginthestreet,Ihappenedtomeetmyoldfriend.Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.（thetrain逻辑主语+havinggone即为独立主格结构）2.分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。例如:误:Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.正:Hewastoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.或Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.3.-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。Havingbrushedhisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.布朗先生刷过牙,就下楼来吃早饭。(此句如写成:Brushinghisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.可能指“边刷牙,边下楼。)4.分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not,never等否定词构成。Notknowinghowtofindthesubway,Iaskedapolicemanforhelp.分词作状语时，如果主语和分词动作构成的是“主谓关系”，我们用ing分词；如果主语和分词动作构成的是动宾关系，我们就用-ed分词。如何区分使用ing分词和-ed分词1．____bysomeofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.2._____others,Johncameintothehall,too.A.FollowedB.FollowingC.BeingfollowingD.Havingbeenfollowed3.Thetrainerarrivedand___bysixlittledogs.A.followedB.wasfollowingC.followingD.wasfollowedABD4.___moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.5.____allhistimetoteaching,Mr.Lialmostforgetshiswifeandson.A.GiveB.TogiveC.GivingD.GivenDC6.Therewere12personsinthebus,___ababy.7.Therewere12personsinthebus,ababy____.A.toincludeB.includingC.includedD.beingincludedBC8.Theman_____Zhaosanusedtolivehere.9.Theman____himselfZhaosanusedtolivedhere.A.calledB.callingC.tocallD.callAB10._____fromthehill,theparkseemsmorebeautiful.11.____fromthehill,you’llfindtheparkmorebeautiful.12.____fromthehill,andyou’llfindtheparkmorebeautiful.13.____fromtheskyinaplaneandthecityisverybeautiful.A.SeeB.SeenC.SeeingD.ToseeBCAA14.Heoftenseethem_______footballontheplayground.15.Themissingboyswerelastseen_____neartheriver.A.playingB.playedC.playD.toplayCA16.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_____alongspeechforthepresident.17.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenightand_____alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.prepareBC18.”Can’tyouread?”Marysaid___tothenotice.19.”Can’tyouread?”Marysaidand___tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.angrilypointedC.pointangrilyD.topointangrilyAB绿色软件