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Unit5---discoveringusefulstructuresThe–ingformastheAdverbial动词-ing作状语•V-ing作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。V-ing作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。BecauseIwasfeelingtired,Iwenttobedearly.Iworkedhardallday.Iwenttobedearly.Feelingtired,Iwenttobedearly.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.•作时间状语Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.(=WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,…)Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.•作原因状语Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.(=BecauseIwastired,…)Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她联系。•作条件状语Turningtotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.(=Ifyouturntheleft,…)Ifyouworkhard,you'llsucceed.=Workinghard,you'llsucceed.•作让步状语KnowingwhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.=ThoughheknowswhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.•作伴随状语1.Istoodthere,waitingforher.(=…,andwaitedforher.)2.FollowingMike,theystartedtoclimb.3.Thechildrenlaughedandtalkedmerrily,andtheyranoutoftheroom.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。•如果V-ing表示的动作发生在句子谓语之前，则要用V-ing的完成式，即是：Having+P.P(过去分词)…,主语+谓语1.Aftershehadfinishedherwork,shewenthome.V-ing形式的完成式Havingfinishherwork,shewenthome.1.分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。使用-ing形式需注意的几个问题。MywifehadalongtalkwithSally,explainingwhyshedidn’twantthechildrentoplaytogether.我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间,解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词explaining是句子主语mywife做的动作,它们之间是主动关系,即explaining的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语mywife。)Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.（thetrain逻辑主语+havinggone即为独立主格结构）2.分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。例如:误:Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.正:Hewastoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.或Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.3.-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。例如:Openingthedrawer，hetookouthiswallet.(=Heopenedthedrawerandtookouthiswallet.)他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。Comingintotheroom,heputdownhisbag.(=Hecameintotheroomandputdownhisbag.)他走进房间，放下提包。Havingbrushedhisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.布朗先生刷过牙,就下楼来吃早饭。(此句如写成:Brushinghisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.可能指“边刷牙,边下楼。)4.分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not,never等否定词构成。例如:Notfearingthefire,thechildtouchedandgotafingerburnt.小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。Notknowinghowtofindthesubway,Iaskedapolicemanforhelp.我不知怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。I.每空填一词，使该句与所给句子的意思相同。1.Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool._______,hedidn’tgotoschool.2.Whenshewaswalkingalongthestreetoneday,shemetanoldfriendofhers._____________thestreetoneday,shemetanoldfriendofhers.BeingillWalkingalong3.Ifitissunny,we’llgoforapicnictomorrow.___________,we’llgoforapicnictomorrow.4.Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,thelittlegirlbegantowatchTV._____________herhomework,thelittlegirlbegantowatchTV.ItbeingsunnyHavingfinished5.Becausetheyhadbeenwarnedbytheteacher,theydidn’tmakesuchmistakes.________________bytheteacher,theydidn’tmakesuchmistakes.6.Asitwasaholiday,alltheshopswereshut._____________,alltheshopswereshut.HavingbeenwarnedItbeingaholiday7.IfIhadbeengivenalongertime,Icouldhavedoneitbetterthanplanned._______________alongertime,Icouldhavedoneitbetterthanplanned.8.AfterIgothome,Ifoundmybooksmissing._____________,Ifoundmybooksmissing.HavingbeengivenHavinggothome9.Whenhewasstillasmallboy,hewenttoFrancewithhisfather.______________,hewenttoFrancewithhisfather.10.Whenautumncomes,swallowsgotothesouth._____________,swallowsgotothesouth.BeingasmallboyAutumncomingExercises1._____thechampionship,hewasawardedamilliondollars.A.WonB.WinningC.HavingwonD.Beingwon2.______onlybookknowledge,youwillnotbeabletoworkwell.A.HadB.HaveC.HavingD.Tohave3.Isawalotofchildrenplayinginthegardenmostofthem_____girls.A.areB.beingC.wereD.having4.Theoldmancouldnotsleepatnight,hiswrongs_____himnopeace.A.gaveB.giveC.beinggivingD.giving5.Thesecretaryworkedallnightlong,_____alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing6.____inthequeenforhalfanhour,IsuddenlyrealizedthatIhadleftmywalletathome.A.TowaitB.WaitingC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited7.“Wecan’tgooutinthiswinter,”saidTed,____outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked8.Findinghercarstolen,_____.A.apolicewasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapoliceforhelp9._____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived10.____theroom,Ifoundtherecorderstolen.A.EnteringB.ToenterC.EntersD.Entered11.“Whatonearthhaveyoudone?”mothersaid_____tothebrokenvaseontheground.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing12._____bycar,wevisitedmanyplaces.A.TravelB.TravelingC.TotravelD.Havingtravelled