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1分子筛催化剂的合成、改性及其在炼油行业中的应用2摘要本文综述了分子筛的结构、合成、改性方法及其在石油化工行业中的应用发展情况。分子筛的主要合成方法是水热合成法，其改性手段主要有阳离子交换改性、脱铝改性、杂原子同晶取代和分子筛的表面孔道修饰改性。催化剂载体制备中，加入Y型分子筛可明显提高加氢裂化催化剂的活性、选择性和稳定性,显著改善加氢精制催化剂的脱硫脱氮效果；使用以ZSM-5分子筛为主体的临氢降凝催化剂，可大幅度降低柴油馏分的凝点；ZSM-5、Y型分子筛、β分子筛、L型分子筛和MCM系列分子筛作为催化剂，在烷基化，异构化反应中有较好的应用。关键词：分子筛；催化剂；合成；改性；应用3AbstractThispapersummarizestheframestructureandthecomposemethodsofthezeoliteandthemodifiedmethodsofthezeoliteaswellasthezeolite’sapplicationinoilrefining.Themaincomposedmethodofzeoliteissynthesizeintheconditionofwater-hot.Themainmodifiedmethodsarecation-exchange、doffingaluminiummodifing、mixed-atomreplacingindiadochyandthedecorationofthezeolite’ssurfaceandpore.TheYzeolitewasaddedintothecarrierofthecatalyst,whichcanimprovetheactivity、selectivityandstabilityofhydrocrackingremarkablyandamendingtheeffectofdesulfurizeanddenitrogennotedly.TheZSM-5zeolitecatalystwasusedinreducingsolidifyingpointinhydrogen,whichcanreducethesolidifyingpointofdieseloilremarkably.TheZSM-5、Yzeolite、βzeolite、thetypeofLzeoliteandtheseriesofMCMzeoliteareusedwellinthereactionofalkylationandisomeriton.Keywords:zeolite;catalyst;synthesize;modifying;application4目录1前言.............................................................................................................................52分子筛的表征方法.....................................................................................................62.1分子筛的物相、结晶度表征.............................................................................72.2分子筛的元素分析.............................................................................................72.3分子筛热稳定性测定.........................................................................................72.4比表面积和孔体积.............................................................................................72.5分子筛的酸类型.................................................................................................82.6分子筛的酸量分布.............................................................................................82.7分子筛的结构组成和活性中心的结构.............................................................92.8分子筛粒径和形貌.............................................................................................92.9分子筛催化剂炭含量测定.................................................................................93分子筛的合成及改性技术.........................................................................................93.1分子筛的合成方法...........................................................................................113.2分子筛改性.......................................................................................................113.2.1沸石分子筛的阳离子交换改性.................................................................123.2.2分子筛的脱铝改性.....................................................................................133.3.3分子筛骨架的杂原子同晶置换.................................................................143.3.4分子筛的孔道与表面修饰.........................................................................154分子筛催化剂在炼油行业的应用..........................................................................174.1加氢裂化...........................................................................................................174.2加氢精制催化剂...............................................................................................204.3临氢降凝催化剂...............................................................................................214.4分子重排...........................................................................................................234.4.1.......................................................................................................................234.4.2甲苯歧化......................................................................................................234.5分子间的耦合...................................................................................................234.5.1乙苯和成.....................................................................................................2354.5.2对二甲苯的合成..........................................................................................234.5.3碳碳键的生成.............................................................................................234.6异构化...............................................................................................................244.6.1重整.............................................................................................................244.6.2C5/C6异构化................................................................................................245结束语......................................................................................................................24参考文献......................................................................................................................2561前言自20世纪50年代A型和X型分子筛开始工业生产和应用以来，分子筛的合成化学和工业应用研究始终受到学术界和产业界的高度重视。50多年来，在新结构、新性能分子筛和多孔材料的合成和应用方面分别取得了一系列重大的突破，迄今，科学工作者在实验室已合成出145种具有独特结构的分子筛，其中某些结构的分子筛经过杂原子的同晶取代又成为新的多孔化合物。分子筛是由氧化钠、氧化铝和氧化硅组成。根据硅铝比和晶型不同而有不同类型的分子筛。包括A型、X型、β型、Y型、L型、AlPO4型、SAPO型、