1第10章紫外-可见分光光度法习题参考答案1.安络血的相对分子质量为236,将其配成每100mL含0.4962mg的溶液,盛于1cm吸收池中,在λmax为355nm处测得A值为0.557,试求安络血的%11cmE及ε值。解:安络血的浓度C=0.4962×10-3(g/100mL)33%111012.11104962.0557.0ClAEcm43%111065.21012.11023610cmEM2.称取维生素C0.0500g溶于100mL的0.005mol/L硫酸溶液中,再准确量取此溶液2.00mL稀释至100mL,取此溶液于1cm吸收池中,在λmax245nm处测得A值为0.551。求样品中维生素C的质量分数。(E1cm1%245nm=560)解:解法一:样品溶液的配制浓度为C样)100/(1000.100.20.1000500.03mlgC样样品中被测组分维生素C的浓度为C测)100/(1084.900.1560551.04%11mlglEACcm测样品中维生素C的百分质量分数为ω%4.981001000.11084.910034样测维生素CCC解法二:%4.9810056055155111000.1551.0)(%11%113%11标样维生素样样)()(cmcmCcmEElCAE3.某试液用2.0cm的吸收池测量时T=60%,若用1.0cm、3.0cm和4.0cm吸收2池测定时,透光率各是多少?解:依据Lambert-Beer定律:TEClAlg则22211121lglglCElCETT当溶液的组成及浓度一定时,则11222121lglgTllTCCEE当%6000.211Tcml时当时cml00.12,则111.060.0lg00.200.1lg2T%5.7710010%111.02T同理:%5.4610010%333.060.0lg00.200.3lg00.3333.0333TTcml%0.3610010%444.060.0lg00.200.4lg00.4444.0444TTcml4.有一标准Fe3+溶液,浓度为6μg/mL,其吸光度为0.304,而样品溶液在同一条件下测得吸光度为0.510,求样品溶液中Fe3+的含量(mg/L)。解:A=ECl22211AEClCAEClC121ACCA2126/10.07/10.07/CgmlgmlmgL0.5100.3045.K2CrO4的碱性溶液在372nm有最大吸收。已知浓度为3.00×10-5mol/L的K2CrO4碱性溶液,于1cm吸收池中,在372nm处测得T=71.6%。求:(a)该溶液吸光度;(b)K2CrO4碱性溶液的max;(c)当吸收池为3cm时该溶液的T%。解:(a)A=-lgT=-lg0.716=0.145(b)50.41548333.00101ACl(c)%7.36%367.0101031000.348335TTcl6.有一化合物在纯溶液中的λmax为240nm,其ε为1.7×104,相对分子质量为314.47。试问:配制什么样浓度(g/100mL)测定含量最为合适?解:依据误差要求,当仪器的%5.0T,吸光度测量范围为0.2~0.7时,浓度3的测量相对误差较小,此时对应的浓度为适宜浓度。当吸光度A=0.4343时,浓度的测量相对误差最小。依题意541107.147.31410104%11MEcm当A=0.2时,)100/(107.300.15412.04%11mlglEACcm当A=0.7时,)100/(103.100.15417.03%11mlglEACcm故适宜浓度范围为3.70×10-4(g/100ml)~1.29×10-3(g/100ml)当A=0.4343时,浓度为)100/(100.800.15414343.04%11mlglEACcm7.P与Q两物质的纯品溶液及混合溶液用等厚度吸收池,在各波长处测得吸光度如下表:项目238nm282nm300nm纯P3.00μg/mL纯Q5.00μg/MlP+Q被测液AP+Q被测液B0.1121.0750.7250.4420.2160.360—0.2780.8100.0800.474—求被测液A与B中P与Q的含量,被测液A在λ=282nm处与被测液B在λ=300nm处的吸光度。解:设吸收池厚度l=1cm纯P浓度:3.00×10-4g/100mL纯Q溶液:5.00×10-4g/100mLP组分的百分吸光系数:27001000.3810.0)300(7201000.3216.0)282(3731000.3112.0)238(4%114%114%11nmEcmEnmEcmcmcmQ组分的百分吸光系数:41601000.5080.0)300(7201000.5360.0)282(21501000.5075.1)238(4%114%114%11nmEcmEnmEcmcmcm(1)求被测液A中P和Q的含量QnmQPnmPQPnmQnmQPnmPQPnmECECAECECA300300300238238238QPQPCCCC1602700474.02150373725.0解方程得:)/(10.3)100/(1010.3)/(57.1)100/(1057.144mLgmLgCmLgmLgCQP(2)求被测液B中P和Q的含量QnmQPnmPQPnmQnmQPnmPQPnmECECAECECA282282282238238238QPQPCCCC720720278.02150373442.0解方程得:)/(68.1)100/(1068.1)/(19.2)100/(1019.244mLgmLgCmLgmLgCQP(3)求被测液A在282nm处的吸光度和被测液B在300nm处的吸光度336.07201010.37201057.144282282282QnmQPnmPAnmECECA617.01601068.127001019.244300300300QnmQPnmPBnmECECA8.有一A和B两化合物混合溶液,已知A在波长282nm和238nm处的吸光系数%1cmE值分别为720和270;而B在上述两波长处吸光度相等。现把A和B混合液盛于1.0cm吸收池中,测得λmax=282nm处的吸光度为0.442;在λmax=238nm处的吸光度为0.278,求A化合物的浓度(mg/100mL)。解:依题意得:BnmAnmnmBnmAnmnmAAAAAA238238238282282282因BnmBnmAA238282故lCEEAAAAAAnmAnmAnmAnmnmnm.).(2382822382822382825)/(364.0)100/(000364.000.1)270720(278.0442.0).(238282238282mLmgmLglEEAACAnmAnmnmnmA