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142Vol.14No.220074ResearchofSoilandWaterConservationApr.,200731,2,1,1,2,3(1.,400716;2.,621000;3.,625000):19932002,,;19902004,20102025,:;;;;:F301.24:A:100523409(2007)0220029205AnalysisofLandConstraintsofAgriculturalDevelopmentintheDevelopingCountriesandRegionsRANQing2hong1,2,XIEDe2ti1,WEIChao2fu1,YUEYun2hua2,RANRui2ping3(1.CollegeofResources&Environment,SouthwestUniversity,Chongqing400716;2.DepartmentofResources&Environment,MianyangNormalUniversity,MianyangSichuan621000;3.EconomyManagementCollegeofSichuanAgricultureUniversity,Yaan,Sichuan625000,China)Abstract:Consideringlimitedavailabilityofcultivatedlandresources,manydevelopingcountriesfacemajorchallengestoa2chieveasustainableagriculturaldevelopmentandfoodsecurity.Thepurposewastostudytheconstraintsoflandresourcesindevelopingcountriesandregions.Itwasanalyzedthatthepercapitaarablelandareaofagriculturalpopulationhadbeenchangedindevelopingcountriesfrom1993to2002.Theresultshowedthatthepercapitaarablelandareaofagriculturalpopula2tiondecreasedsorapidlyandseverelythatwasanxiousanddangerousindevelopingcountries.Basedonmanyrelatedliteraturesonlanddegradationwrittenbytheformersbefore,somesevereconstraintsofthelandqualityonagriculturaldevelopmentwerediscussed.Thelimitingfactorsincludebothnaturalfactorsandman2madefactors,suchaswaterandwinderosion,soilchemi2calandphysicalconstraints,cultivationofmarginallands,deficiencyofsoilorganicmatterimputed,inappropriatefarmingmethods,creditconstraintandweakinstitutionalsupportandsoon.Thenitwasanalyzedtheregionalcharacteristicsofthelandconstraintswhichaffectedagriculturaldevelopmentinsomecountriesofthedevelopingworld.Atlast,itwasputforwardthesuggestiontoimprovetheagriculturallandmanagementindevelopingcountriesandregions.Keywords:agriculturaldevelopment;landquantity;landquality;limitingfactors;developingcountriesandregions200463.7916,18051.9322[1],81.41%,25[2],96.15%,30a[3],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,11.1,19932002,19930.181hm220020.17473:2006203202:(:06XJY005):(1968-),,,,,,hm2(1)2002,0.0501hm20.2785hm2,77.71%,38.55%11.21.2.1,,,,20000.09844(1),94.24%87.27%,,,,,1199020000.1060702130.1044460.1190332510.1127950.0967443590.09844:(FAODatabase)[3],,,,[4],,,;,,,2030,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1.2.319902004,41.669451.9322(2),1510.2628,199320020.86hm2,8.07hm28.93hm2(3),60.0987%63.7309%,0.354%21990200431.31.3.1Hulse,FisherHelig,Litvin,202580,205094,[5-7],Bulatao,R,202584.15,71.91[8],,205090,[2]19902004,2,,2025HulseFisherHeligLitvin0.98%,Bulatao,R4.00%,,,:2010202555.915010868.6596108,2010202582.41%84.99%,22010202567.846780.7817Q=52.2808111+0.730275(T-1990)+0.002401(T-1990)R=0.9979755.91568.6596Q=41.454210+0.650701(T-1990)+0.003617(T-1990)R=0.99644:T,Q,R:19902004(FAODatabase)03141.3.2,,(),20052020350450hm2[9],2020,473hm2[10],,,2025,0.13hm2,,,,,,11.994hm2,0.1581,22.1,,,;,19.64hm2,78%[11],,,1.2hm2,40%,1.1hm2,37%[12]2.22.2.1,Purnell,[13],Lal1988-[14],Nelson,[15],AlexandratosScherr[16,17],,,,,,,,,,199320028627.4hm2,2.2.2,,,,,,OldemanVanLynden,4.78hm25.13hm2[18],:,20[19]2.2.3Alexandratos,,2/3[16],2.4hm2[12]Stoorvogel[11]SmalingOenema[20],,2090,22kg/hm22.5kg/hm215kg/hm23,2.55hm225003000hm2,,4910001650kg,[21]8300hm2,,[12]Lal,1987[22],1994[23]2.2.4,,SehgalAbrolVanLyndenOldeman[24,25],LalSteiner[26,27],,,,,,2.2.5,,,,3,6.4%,23.2%,2.3DregneChou,[28][2930][30],,,,,71%(76%56%35%),33(74%61%18%),75.4%Lal,19601990132:2%40%,360kg,650kg,40kg[31];199810%(1.9kg)5%(600kg)5%(300kg)12%(7300kg),19982.72kg,,3100kg1.87kg1600kg[32]36.4(5.0)2.2(3.3)9.9(2.5)6.1(-0.7)0.6(3.1)9.3(5.3)35.0(8.1)23.2(4.0)10.8(0.6)16.7(-2.2)27.9(4.9)3.2(-0.8)30.3(3.0)38.3(7.9):FAOCompendiumofAgricultural-EnvironmentalIndicators1989-91to2000,2003.11.,,14.0%13.5%24.4%26.2%27.3%60.0%,,1993,,,30%35%89%61%[3335]33.1,,,,,,,,,,3.2,,,,,,,,,3.3,,,,,,,,,,,3.4,,,,,,,,,,,(),3.5,,;,,,,,,,3.6,,,,,,,,,,,,4,,90,,,,,,,,-,2314:[1]CIA.TheWorldFactbook2004[DB/OL].[2].WTO[EB/OL].[3].:[EB/OL].[4],,.[M].:,2000.103-117.[5]Hulse,JH.ScienceAgricultureandFoodSecurity[M].Ottawa:NRCResearchPress,1995.[6]Fisher,G,GKHelig.Populationmomentumandthedemandonlandandwaterresources[J].Phil.Trans.R.Soc.(London)Ser.B,1997,352:869-889.[7]Litvin,D.Dirtpoor.Economist[Z].1998,3-16.[8]Bulatao,R,etal.WorldPopulationProjection[Z].1989-90edition,WorldBank.1990.[9].[EB/OL].[10].12[EB/OL].[11]Stoorvogel,JJ,EMASmaling,BHJanssen.CalculatingsoilnutrientbalancesinAfricaatdifferentscales.I.Supra-nationalscale[J].FertilizerRes.,1993,35:227-335.[12],.[J].,2000,(3):280-284.[13]Purnell,MF.ApplicationoftheFAOframeworkforlandevaluationforconservationandlanduseplanninginslopingareas:Potentialsandconstraints[A].InLandEvaluationforLandUsePlanningandConservationinSlopingAreas[M].I.W.Siderius(ed.).Publicationno.40,ILRI,Wageningen,TheNetherlands,1986.17-31.[14]Lal,R.Soilerosionimpactonagronomicproductivityandenvironmentquality[J].C