专题九动词•1.概念:动词是表示动作和状态的词。•2.分类:动词分为系动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。•考点归纳•考点一:动词的基本形式•1.动词原形:动词本身,不用变化形式。常用于一般现在时、一般将来时、助动词后面、情态动词后面、祈使句句首、to后面等。•如:Italktomyparentseveryday.•我每天都和父母聊天。•Goawayandleavemealone!•走开,别打搅我!•考点梳理•2.第三人称单数(三单):句子是一般现在时,主语•是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数,其变化•规则:•(1)一般情况直接加-s,如:love—loves。•(2)以s,x,ch,sh,oes,如:•miss—misses,fix—fixes,watch—watches,•finish—finishes,do—does。•(3)以“辅音字母加y”结尾的,改y为i再加-es,如:study—studies。•(4)不规则变化,如:have—has。•如:Theoldladylovesdancing.•这位年老的女士热爱跳舞。•Thegirlgoesabroadforfurtherstudyeverythreeyears.•这女孩每三年去一次国外深造。•Therobothasthreearms.这个机器人有三只手臂。•考点梳理•3.过去式:用于一般过去时。其变化规则:•(1)一般情况直接加-ed,如:jump—jumped。•(2)以e结尾的直接加-d,如:like—liked。•(3)以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的,改y为i再加-ed,如:marry—married。•如:Theytriedtheirbesttosolvetheproblem.•他们尽力去解决这个问题。•(4)以重读闭音节且以“辅音+元音+辅音”结尾的,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed,如:stop—stopped。•(5)不规则变化,如:go—went。•如:Shewentintoherroomandshutthedoorbehindher.•她走进房间,关上了门。•考点梳理•4.过去分词:用于完成时态或被动语态中,其变化规则参见“过去式”变化规则。•如:MydadhasgonetoHK.我爸爸已经去了香港。•The31stOlympicGameswasheldinRioin2016.•2016年第31届奥运会在里约举行。•5.现在分词、动名词:现在分词用于现在进行时或过去进行时,动名词起名词作用,现在分词与动名词的变化规则相同:•(1)一般情况直接加-ing,如:keeping。•(2)以不发音的e结尾的,去e加-ing,•如:live—living。•考点梳理•(3)以重读闭音节且以“辅音+元音+辅音”结尾的,•双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing,如:shop—shopping。•(4)以ie结尾的,改ie为y再加-ing,如:lie—lying。•如:Listen!Thebirdissingingoverthere.•听!小鸟在那边唱歌。•Iwasshoppingwhenyoucalledmelastnight.•昨晚你打电话给我的时候我在购物。•WeshouldpracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.•我们应该每天练习讲英语。•考点梳理•1.—Hey,turnitoff,please!Wedon’tmusicin•thereadingroom.•—Oh,I’msorry,sir.Iwon’tdoitagain.(2015·日照市)•A.allowB.hearC.enjoyD.like•2.IwillChinesedishesformyforeignfriends•tomorrowevening.(2016·重庆市)•A.cookB.cooksC.cookedD.cooking•3.HelenencouragedmetospeakEnglishasmuchas•possiblebecausepracticeperfect.(2015·盐城市)•A.becomesB.becameC.willmakeD.makes•4.Grandpaglasseswhenhereads.(2016·河北省)•A.wearsB.woreC.haswornD.waswearing•考点自测AADA•5.ThedograntothedoorwhenitMr.Morgan’s•steps.(2015·淄博市)•A.sawB.heardC.smeltD.sound•6.—Anicecar!Isityours?•—No,itisn’t.Iitfromafriendofminetwo•daysago.(2015·武汉市)•A.borrowB.haveborrowed•C.willborrowD.borrowed•7.—What’swrongwithSimon?Heisn’tatschooltoday.•—Hislegshurt.Hewasbyamotorcyclethis•morning.(2015·南京市)•A.treatedB.hitC.operatedD.cured•考点自测BDB•8.—Tom,let’shangoutafterschool.•—Sorry.IhaveFranktoworkonthebiology•reportwithhim.(2016·厦门市)•A.advisedB.expectedC.promisedD.hoped•9.—Look!Theoldmanabigboxinto•thehouse.•—Let’sgoandhelphim.(2015·沈阳市)•A.pullsB.pulled•C.ispullingD.haspulled•10.Brucepracticesbasketballeveryday•sothathecanbeabetterplayer.(2016·海南省)•A.playB.toplay•C.playingD.played•考点自测CCC•考点二:系动词•1.系动词,也称连系动词,初中阶段包括:五感官(look,smell,sound,taste,feel)、三变化(become,get,turn)、二保持(keep,stay)、一好像(seem)和一个be。•如:Thecaketastesdelicious.•这蛋糕尝起来很美味。•Theleavesturnyellowinautumn.•树叶在秋天变黄了。•Keepagoodattitudeandgoodthingswillhappen.•保持好的心态,好事自然会发生。•Teachersdidn’tseemtothinkso.•老师们似乎不是这么想的。•考点梳理•2.“主语+系动词+形容词(表语)”,主系表结构。系动词没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。•如:Themeatsmellsbad.You’dbetterthrowitaway.•这肉闻起来很臭。你最好把它扔掉。•考点梳理•1.Momismakingdinner.Itsonice!(2015·滨州市)•A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds•2.Whentheboyheardthewords,hisfacered.•(2016·黑龙江省)•A.gotB.turnedC.changedD.become•3.Thecaketastesanditisreallydelicious.•(2016·大庆市)•A.wellB.badlyC.goodD.bad•考点自测ABC•考点三:及物动词和不及物动词•1.实义动词表示动作和状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。有些动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。•如:WestudyEnglish.我们学英语。(及物)•Westudyhard.我们认真学习。(不及物)•2.及物动词要带宾语。适用“及物动词+宾语+宾补”(vt.+sb./sth.+do/adj./n.)句型的及物动词常见的有:make,let,have,watch,notice,hear,see等。适用“及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语”(vt.+sb.+sth.)句型的及物动词常见的有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass。•如:Therainydaymakesmesad.雨天使我感到沮丧。•考点梳理•3.不及物动词不带宾语。如:happen,arrive,come,go。“不及物动词+介词”结构,才可带宾语。•如:Thebusiscoming.公车来了。•考点梳理•1.Ifyouneedtogototherestroominclass,pleaseyour•hand.(2015·莱芜市)•A.raiseB.riseC.shakeD.wash•2.—HowlongcanIkeepthisdictionary?•—Twoweeks.Youmustitontime.(2016·海南省)•A.collectB.callC.returnD.borrow•考点自测AC•3.LastweekVivianhermotheradresswithher•first-monthsalary.(2016·上海市)•A.buyB.boughtC.willbuyD.wouldbuy•4.Let’sandhelphim.(2015·雅安市)•A.goB.goingC.togoD.goto•5.Asthestory,thesecretofthecastleisdiscovered•littlebylittle.(2016·无锡市)•A.endsB.beginsC.developsD.happens•考点自测BAC•考点四:助动词•助动词本身没有意义,必须和实义动词连用,表示各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。助动词可以调到句首,构成一般疑问句。在助动词后加not,构成否定句。常见的助动词有:be(am,is,are,was,were),用于进行时或被动语态;do(does,did)用于一般现在时或一般过去时;have(has,had),用于完成时;will(would)用于一般将来时;should(shall)用于表示委婉语气。•如:Hewastraininghisblinddogatthattime.•他那时在训练他的导盲犬。•Willpeoplehaverobotsinthefuture?•将来人们会有机器人吗?•考点梳理•1.We’reproudthatChinastrongerand•strongertheseyears.(2015·河北省)•A.willbecomeB.became•C.isbecomingD.wasbecoming•2.Mymotheragoodexampleforme•sinceIwasyoung.(2016·陕西省)•A.wasB.hasbeenC.willbeD.is•考点自测CB•考点五:情态动词的基本用法归纳•情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等。情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。•考点梳理•1.can,could•(1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。•如:Canyouskate?你会滑冰吗?•此时可用beableto代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而beableto则有更多的时态变化。•如:I’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.•我今天下午来不了了。•当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用can。•如:Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveningin•spiteoftheheavyrain.•尽管昨天晚上下很大的