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1初中英语语法---副词副词（adverb，简写为adv）是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为：地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。副词连用顺序：程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。副词[adverb]起修饰或限制动词或形容词作用、表程度或范围的词。一、副词的种类：1.时间和频度副词:now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,late,next,lastday,already,generally,frequently,seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too,immediately,finally,shortly,before,ago,sometimes,yesterday.once，twice2.地点副词:here,there,everywhere,anywhere,in,out,inside,outside,above,below,down,back,forward,home,upstairs,downstairs,across,along,round,around,near,off,past,up,away,on.3.方式副词:carefully,properly,anxiously,suddenly,normally,fast,well,calmly,politely,proudly,softly,warmly4.程度副词:much,little,very,rather,so,too,still,quite,perfectly,enough,extremely,entirely,almost,slightly,hardly.5.疑问副词:how,when,where,why.6.关系副词:when,where,why.7.连接副词:therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then.二、副词的作用：副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语，定语Heworkshard.（作状语）他工作努力。Isshein?（作表语）她在家吗?Lethimout!（作补语）让他出去！修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后a.Thevillagerstherearebusygettinginwheat1)实义动词之前，be动词、情态动词之后。IamalsoBush.Icanalsodothat.Ialsowanttoplaythatgames.2)副词修饰形容词,副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。It'srathereasy,Icandoit.这很容易,我能做到。2Hediditquitewell.他做得相当好。3)频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。Ioftenhelphimthesedays.这些日子我经常帮助他。IalwaysrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。Youmustn'talwayshelpme.你不能老是帮助我。4)疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。Whendoyoustudyeveryday?你每天什么时间学习?Canyoutellmehowyoudidit?你能告诉我你如何做的吗?First,letmeaskyousomequestions.先让我来问几个问题。5)时间副词和地点副词在一个句中,地点副词在前面,时间副词在后面。Wewentshoppinginthesupermarketat9o'clockyesterday.昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.Whatwereyoudoingintheclassroomyesterdayafternoon?昨天下午你在教室里干什么？三、副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式.可以参考形容词的变换形式。但以词尾-ly结尾的副词（除early）须用more和most。hardharderhardest；fastfasterfastest；earlyearlierearliest；warmlymorewarmlymostwarmly1、有些副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的。well-better-bestlittle-less(er)-leastmuch-more-mostbadly-worse-worstfar-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)2、副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法一样，但最高级形式句中the可以省略。HeworksharderthanI.他比我工作努力。Ourschoolteamplayfootballbestinourregion.我们校队在我们地区足球踢得最好的。3、原级比较的基本用法原级比较由“as＋形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)＋as”构成“原级相同”比较句，表示两者比较；其否定式，即“程度不及”比较句型为“notso(as)＋形容词或副词＋as”，而且as…as结构前可用just,almost,nearly,quite等表示程度的词修饰1）Alaskaistwice〔A〕aslarger〔B〕as〔C〕thenextlargest〔D〕state，Texas.2）“as(so)＋名词＋as＋名词”进行名词比较，这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词，但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语，应当用so而不用as3）表示“是……几倍”时用“twice;threetimes等+as形容\副词as...”eg.1)Thisbookcoststwiceasmuchasthatone.这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。34）HehasfourtimesasmanybooksasIhave他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍比较级四、兼有两种形式的副词：1)close与closelyclose意思是近；closely意思是仔细地Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.2)late与latelylate意思是晚；lately意思是最近Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?3)deep与deeplydeep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.4)high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于muchTheplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.5)wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.6)free与freelyfree的意思是免费；freely的意思是无限制地Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.五、可修饰比较级的词：1）abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词(除byfar)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题:1）----Areyoufeeling____?----Yes，I'mfinenow.A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter答案：B.any可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.2）Theexperimentwas____easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。3）Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime4练习题1.HespeaksEnglish___hisaunt.A.asgoodasB.aswellasC.asbetterasD.asbestas2.Whichdoyoulike_____,skating,swimmingorfishing?A.moreB.mostC.betterD.best3.Whosings___,RoseorKate?A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best4.Shewrites____thanI.A.morecarefulB.muchcarefulC.muchmorecarefullyD.muchcarefully5.Thenightwasvery___,sohehadtotakeoffhisshoes___.A.quiet;quietlyB.quite;quicklyC.late;quickD.quite;quietly6.How___thegirlsareplaying!A.happyB.happierC.happylyD.happily7.1____hedropsin___hisfriendsaftersupper.A.Sometimes;forB.Sometimes;onC.Often;forD.Seldom;on8.InBritaintea___withmilkorsugarinit.A.usuallydrinksB.isusuallydrunkC.usuallyisdrunkD.drankusually9.He____toschooltocleanhisclassroom.A.alwayscomesearlyB.comesalwaysearlC.alwaysearlycomesD.comealwaysearlier10.Better___thannever.A.lateB.thelaterC.laterD.thelate11.WehavebeentotheChinaFolkCultureVillages____.A.LatelyB.lateC.latestD.last12.Igotup____today.A.laterB.morelatelyC.latelyD.late13.TodayTomgoestoschoolearlierthan___.A.asusualB.usualC.usuallyD.ago14.Todaywedoourhomeworkathome___.A.thanusualB.oftenC.usuallyD.asusual15.Alice___goestoschoolatseven.A.usualB.usuallyC.hardD.alittle16.1Itwas___badweatherthatweallhadtostayinside.A.veryB.soC.ratherD.such17.Heis___kindanoldmanthatallthechildrenlikehim.A.veryB.soC.ratherD.such18.He,ourheadmasterwas___pleasedwithourwork.A.fairlyB.evenC.muchD.great19.Therewasaheavysnowlastnight.Thismorningis____outside.5A.toorathercoldB.rath