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第-1-页共10页宾语从句重点知识归纳及讲解一概述1．在复合句中作主句及物动词的宾语的句子叫宾语从句。它一般是由从属连词，连接代词或连接副词来引导。它可以作动词，介词或某些形容词的宾语。例如：Hesaidthatheknewyou.他说他认识你。HeaskedmewhyIhadcomehere.他问我为什么来这里。Iaskedhimwhathewanted.我问他要什么。Couldyoutellmeif/whethertheyareallLeaguemembers?你是否能告诉我他们都是团员吗？I’minterestedinwhathehassaid.我对他说的话很感兴趣。2．宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态常受到主句中谓语动词时态的影响。因此，要注意保持主句和从句间时态的一致。当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可用所需要的任何时态。例如：HesaysthatLilyis(willbe/was)adoctor.他说莉莉是（将要成为/过去是）医生。I’lltellyouwhatIamdoing(did/shalldo).或将要告诉你我正在做（过去做/将要做）什么。如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句的时态就比较复杂。在这种复合句中，宾语从句的时态可以有：1）从句的谓语动词表示与主句同时发生的动作，则用过去时或过去进行时。例如：Ithoughthewasold.我认为他老了。第-2-页共10页Hewantedtoknowwhoshewaswaitingfor.他想知道她在等谁。2）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作，则用过去完成时。例如：Hesaidthathefinishedreadingthebook.他说他看完了这本书。3）从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作，则用过去将来时。例如：Shesaidthatshewasgoingtobuyanewbikenextweek.她说她下个星期要去买一辆新自行车。Iwasn’tsureifitwouldrain.我没有把握是否会下雨。4）从句表示普通真理时，其谓语动词用一般现在时。例如：Theteachertoldusthemoontravelsroundtheearth.老师告诉我们，月亮绕地球转。二初中阶段学习的宾语从句在带宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句前面一般要有连词（有的可省略）引导。由that引出的宾语从句相当于陈述句；由whether/if引出的宾语从句相当于一般疑问句；由连接代词或连接副词引出的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句。但应该注意的是它们的语序都是陈述句语序。主句是陈述句时，句末不用问号。1．由从属述连词that引导的宾语从句。在口语和新正式文体中常省略that。例如：Hesaid(that)hewouldbeback.他说他将回来。Weknew(that)hehadmadeamistake.我们知道他犯了一个错误。在某些be+形容词的结构后面也可以跟that引导的宾语从句。例如：IamsurethatIhavepostedtheletter.我的确把那封信寄了。第-3-页共10页Iamafraidthatyouareright.恐怕你是对的。2．由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，例如：Didyouasktheteacherwhenwewouldhaveatest?你问老师我们什么时候进行测验了吗？Doyouknowwhosechildheis?你知道他是谁的孩子吗？Ican’tfindoutwhythemachinedoesn’tworkwell.我不能找出这台机器为什么动转不灵。Doyourememberwhattheteachersaidattheclassmeetingyesterday.你记得老师昨天在班会上说的话吗？Couldyoutellmehowlongitwilltakemetogettothehospitalfromhere?你能告诉我从这里到医院需要多长时间吗？Iwanttoknowwhichmedicinehehastaken.我要知道他服了哪种药。Pleasetellmewhocalledmejustnow.请告诉我刚才谁打电话给我。Idon’tknowwhomtheyarespeakingto.我不知道他的在跟谁讲话。Heaskedmewheretheywereborn.他问我他们出生在哪里。Doyourememberhowmuchyoupaidforthecoat?你记得你买这件外衣付了多少钱吗？3．由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句，在口语中常用if。例如：Idon’tknowwhether/ifthisbikeishers.我不知道这辆自行车是否是她的。Canyoutellmewhether/ifyourfatherjoinedthePartyin1990?你能告诉我你父亲是不是1990年入党的？三宾语从句应掌握的要点第-4-页共10页1．在三种类型的宾语从句中必须用陈述句的语序，即主语+谓语动词+其它成分，句末用句号；但主句为疑问句时，句末用问号。2．在带有宾语从句的复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态的呼应。1）当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可用任何需要的时态。2）当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种形式。3）从句表示普遍真理时，即使主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。4）在think,believe等动词引起的宾语从句中，如果否定的是后面的从句，一般要将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句仍然用肯定式。例如：Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为你不对。Idon’tbelieveshewilltakepartintheEnglishevening.我相信她不会参加英语晚会。三、随堂监测A组I.选择填空:1.Didyouhear______?A.whatdidIsayB.whatIsaidC.IsaidwhatD.whatIsay2.Canyoutellme________?A.whichclassyouareinB.whichclassareyouinC.youareinwhichclassD.areyouinwhichclass3.---Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_______?---Certainly.A.whencanIgettothestationB.IcangettowhichstationC.whichstationcanIgettoD.howIcangettothestation4.Couldyoutellmewhere_______yesterday?A.didyougoB.yougoC.youhavegoneD.youwent5.Tomaskedme________.A.whoseshirtwasthisB.whoseshirtthiswasC.whoshirtwasthisD.whoshirtthiswas第-5-页共10页6.Excuseme,couldyoutellme_______?A.where’stheteachers’officeB.where’sthebusstationC.what’sshedoingD.wherethepostofficeis7.IwanttoseeMrs.Wang,butIdon’tknow_______.A.sheliveswhereB.shewherelivesC.whereshelivesD.wheredoesshelive8.---GoandaskMr.Whiteforhelp.---ButIdon’tknow_______.A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelivesC.whereishelivingD.helivesthere9.---Canyoutellme______?---Yes,helivesinasmalltown.A.wherehelivesB.whoissingingC.whenhewillleaveD.whathesaid10.Haveyoudecided______forLondon?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whenyouwillleaveC.whenareyougoingD.whenyouaregoing11.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme______ourtickets?A.wheredoweshowB.whereshallweshowC.wheredidweshowD.whereweshallshow12.---Whatareyouinterestedinaboutcookingfood?---Weareallinterestedin______.A.howeggisfriedB.howiseggfriedC.howeggfriesD.howdoeseggfry13.Doyouknow_______?A.whatitisB.whatisitC.whoisheD.whosenameisit14.Doyouknow_______?A.whosebookisthisB.whosebookthisisC.thisbookiswhoseD.who’sbookthisis15.Idon’tknow______now.A.whereismycatB.mycatiswhereC.wheremycatisD.wheremycat16.Doesheknow______?A.what’syournameB.whatnameisyourC.whatyourisnameD.whatyournameis17.Doyouknow______?A.whichfloorhelivesB.whichfloorhelivesonC.helivesonwhichfloorD.whichfloordoesheliveson第-6-页共10页18.Canyoutellmewhere_______?A.isthehospitalB.thehospitalisC.ishospitalD.hospitalis19.Hehasn’tdecided_______.A.ifhe’llgoonatriptoWuxiB.whenwillhegoonatriptoWuxiC.ifhegoesonatriptoWuxiD.whendoeshegoonatriptoWuxi20.Canyousee________?A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereadingC.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat四、随堂监测B组中考题集：1.---WhenaretheShutesleavingforNewYork?---Pardon?---Iasked_______.A.whenaretheShutesleavingforNewYorkB.whentheShutesareleavingforNewYorkC.whenweretheShutesleavingforNewYorkD.whentheShuteswereleavingforNewYork2.Couldyoutellme______?Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellhim.A.whereisLiHongB.whereLiHongisC.wherewasLiHongD.whereLiHonghasbeento3.---Couldyoutellme_______?A.howmanypeoplehavebeenoutofhospitalB.whenisThanksgivingC.whichanimaldoeshelikebestD.whattimewillthedolphinshowstart4.Iwanttoknow_______.A.whatishisnameB.what’shisname