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DCSDCSPH11111221324214452255672388891131113211174117PH1725423131354045434747545944626267725172727373527373755377808788119862GlasstoneS1958319844ElectroanalyticalchemistryLinganeJJ2ndEdIntersciencePubIncNY19585G19836JM1987719908WF198591991101990111992121992131985141985151979162198917419891851989192JMJF198720198811DCSDCS12POLYACRYLONITRILEFIBERPANPACCH2=CHCNCH2=CXY854014199013199412199412199412199518199511995219953DCSDCSTDC300019954199561995101995121996121211YN21130194750602222122115012342010031±52312342312123423112231345Z63112παπαBME55555514SONVI55542−Fe3+Al3+SO42−NVI32321NaSCN6111A55561316211146211631163126271A20NaOHPH57580100Kg006KgNaHSO362121621311250PSIG6210115126/NaSCN62516231NaSCN63221NaSCNNaSCN65116531654165616481NaSO24635163416331632160801011161274kg129129164kgNaSCNcm/2cm/2781569kg/hr13410816758295kg/hr116422349345kg/hr1129264367946kg/hr96235444444BA63614631163101267585kg/hr6951355454kg6326cm/26366B631284242863221NaSO2NaSO2631216312263131168NaSCN6320155566135NaSO263161NaSO2NaSO2876613631911576kg/hrNaSCN46kg/hrNaSCN6317163101NaSO2NaSO2444NaSO2142m/57m/6461522643164616441NaSCN64515551250PSIG6471NVI70BSPN−66516611A1231421BSPN−2314522NaSCNNaSCNNaSCN67117781NaSCN1112322456741HSO2467946761627141NaSCNPHPHPH78NaOHNaHSO3PHIC7106NaOHLCV7104NaHSO3PH76PHNaSCNNVIPHNaOHNaHSO3NaOH33333333NaOHFeNaFeOHNaOHAlNaAlOH+=++=+++++NaHSO3NaSCNNaHSONaOHNaSOHONaSOONaSO32323224+222=++=NaSCNPHNaOHNaHSO31SvanteArrheniusNaOHNaOHNaOH→++−aafc=⋅cf01NaOHkNaOHNaOHi=⋅+−Na+OH−NaOH/SvanteArrheniusNa+=OH−aacNaOHNaOHca=−kikacai=−2akakcii20+⋅−⋅=OH−aNa+2ABA+B−A+B−ABABAB↔++−αABkABABi=⋅+−AB/AB+,−A+B−/ki1ABc/αc*α/cc*α/ABAB↔++−c00cα+cα+cαccαcαcαABkikABABccci==−=−+−αααα2211kicαkicα2ABABAB↔++−ABB−B−ABA+ABAB34HSOHHSOkHHSOHSO233132321310↔+==×+−+−−.HSOHSOkHSOHSO332232386310−+−+−−−↔+==.×k1k2HSO3−H+SO32−H+HSO3−H+H+H+PHH+H+3H+OH−HOHOH2↔++−kHOHHO=+−2HO2kwkHO⋅2HOHkHOkw+−=⋅=2kwkw11014×−H+OH−H+OH−NaHSONaHSO3↔+3+−HOOHH2↔+−+HSOHHSO32−3++↔HSOHSO332−+−↔+H+OH−H+HSO3−H+1H+1107×−/H+2HSO3−HSO3−3PHNaOHNa+OH−a/NaHSO3C/0kk1k2PH1NaHSO3NaHSONaHSO33↔++−Ca00+x+xxCa+x+x0x/NaHSO3xkNaHSONaHSOxaxCx==+−+−330xakxkC200++−=HSO3−/x2HSO3−H+HSO3−/OxH−a/HOHkw+−−⋅==×11014H+1014−a/HSOHHSO32−3++↔x1014−a0+yyyxy1014−ayy/yk1kHSOHHSOaxayayay13231410==−−−+−yxkayax21141410100−++☺+=−−HSO3−H+/xy1014−a/y3HSO3−HSOHSO332−+−↔+00xy+z+zzzzxyzH+z/kHSOHSOzxy23232==−−z+−−zkzxyk2220+−−=H+z/4H+1014−ay+/zH+′H+a/OH−H++OH−↔HO2H+′a0ww+wH+′wa−′−☺⋅−==×11014wwaHaH21100−+4′☺+⋅′−=++−H+/HHwazy++w−=′−=+−−10145PHPHHazyw=−=−+−−+−lglg1014aPH9220Acic1144cic11331IVRIVR=RlA=ρlAρGSGRIV==1GAlAl=⋅=⋅1ρκ411κscm⋅−1/All/AQGQ=⋅κ1κ=⋅QGQGκG2411κcN41111Λscmeq⋅⋅−211vlAcN=⋅=1000vcmc3NN11Λ=G411Λ=⋅1000κcN4123ΛcNΛ0Λ0ΛFKohlrauschΛΛ=−01kcNkΛΛΛ000=++−Λ0+Λ0−GcNii=∑11000ΛcNiiΛiΛΛΛ000HAcHAc=++−=+++−++−+−+ΛΛΛΛΛΛ000000HClNaAcNaC−l=+−ΛΛΛ000HClNaAcNaCl4vudEdlvudEdl++−−==vvuu//+−+−vudEdlvudEdl0000++−−==vu00Λu00411κ=GlAGRIE==1412Λ=⋅=⋅10001000cGlAcIlEANN413FIcAvFcAuElFNN=⋅⋅⋅=⋅⋅⋅10001000⋅413Λ=uFΛΛ0000++−−==uFuFΛΛΛ00000=+=++−+−FuuΛΛ0+0−t+t−tt+−+=1ItI++=ΛΛ++=tutF++=Λ/ItI−−=ΛΛ−−=tutF−−=Λ/t+t−Λu+u−tIICzvCzvCzuCzuiiiiKiiiiiiiKiiiiiiiK======∑∑∑111zi5OnsagenOnsagen11ΛΛΛ=−+×☺005515082482010....DTDTcNηOnsagenTDηcNα⋅cN11cNΛΛΛ=−+00BAcNAB,6ΛΛ002521252,,tCAtBt=+−+−°52510°±C°CBA002AAHOH+−==0014200160.,.2Λ0=′−AeERT′AERTArrheniusηρbb=00105..ηbmNsm/2ρbkgSoudersm/3lglg.1010293ηρ=×−−IMMISoudersρSoudersηρmmiiikiiikxIxM=×−==−∑∑0031029.ηmρmxMi,i421ReRe=dn2ρµdn,ρµ,Re1000NNdDqcqd=+−101612.NNqcqd,dD,NdDqd=0654016..QVqcc=/VqDVDQbcc==07807822..qVVQVc,=πbcDH24/HPqhNPndNqnddPqdd===ρρ,,353hNNndqPqdc=⋅22hn,PNP,qd21θmRe~101036NmθReNnmmθθ=⋅=Re5000Nmθ1102131132NnkdDNdDNNmmLqdPqdedDθθ=⋅=⋅+⋅⋅−⋅−.kL=01015012NPndfdDbDHDFrkFrPpqp==q⋅⋅=ρθ35,,,ReReb,θFrFrdng=2☺PKnD=135102ρK13NudnCkmnwPmPnwP=☺=☺☺φµµφρµµµµRePr2NuhDkCkdnP===,Pr,Reµρµ2hCkPw,,,,ρµµφhNuhDkKdnCgkPw==☺☺20670330143600ρµµµµ...DKkellandSNuhDkdnDC==☺03452062027...ρµCTt1t2∆θlnTtTtKAWCiiP−−☺=12∆θT1T2t1t2∆θlnTtTtMCWCeQPKAMCiiQ11221−−☺=−−∆θ∆θAKi,iWCP,MCQ,31nfeteringZwinDdgddfaPP=R−ψρρµρ0450450102013085055100.......ndfgRPP,,,,,ρρµψaψ=1215a14dPOyamaEndohPWgdPP=−23131316///ρρρPW,2WeismanEfferding17410160553....PgvdDeCDTsPttµρρφφ−−☺=−vTφtvTµsµρρρsPPgd=−17405..Re25000Re25000′PP′=PP400008Re.ρρρmxxyy=+ρρxyxy,,,µµmlvvbxx=−☺118.µlvvbxx,,4214211udVAd=θuVA,,,θudpl1232=⋅′∆µupdl1,,,,∆µ′uddpKlm12=⋅′∆µm′Kεεεuu=1εlll′l∝′udKlmεµ=⋅2∆padam=−εε1uKapl=⋅−⋅11322µεε∆KK5dVAdpalθεεµ=−32251∆εra=−5122ε3ε/dVAdprlθµ=∆1∆∆pl1,prl20,,1dVAdprlθµ=∆201lerlre01=lledVAdprleθµ=∆2∆∆∆ppp=+12dVAdprlleθµ=+∆421=−1εγγAlss(=εγγAlll(JJJAlVAlsl11−=−+εγεγlJVAJJlsl=−−−γεγεγ11νγεγεγ=−−−JJJlsl11lVA=ν/lVleVAeee=ν/421dVAdpArVVeθµν=+∆rrps=1∆r1s1s0s001sdVdpArVVseθµν=+−∆1212∆pr,,,µν1kprs=−∆11µνdVdkAVVeθ=+2dVdkAVVeθ=+2VeVeθ10θ10VeVVdVVkAdeVee++=+02101θθθVVdVVkAdeeVVVee++=+++2111θθθθθVVkAe+=+2212θθ422VkA222=θqVAqVAee==/,/422qqke+=+212θθqe==θ10qk22=θ3r1VqθµdVAddVAdkqqqµµµµθµµ=⋅=+⋅≈⋅22dVdwθ422dVdkAVVweθ=+2dVdkAVVwweθµµ=+⋅2wθµµwwewVVVkA=⋅+2RhodesCCeewwkkvww−−==−′−′′0θ/CCvvCCCvvkkwwv,,,,,,0′′′RuthCCCCVV−−=0050505...4Dahlstrom422JplqDaa=⋅⋅⋅θµ//1pqlaa,,,,θµ1423ds,ρµρ,fu