锅炉课程设计

锅炉课程设计课程名称：220t/h煤粉锅炉热力设计所选煤种：抚顺烟煤学院：专业：热能与动力工程年级：热能111姓名：学号：指导教师：2014年月日至年月日共2周目录前言第一章锅炉课程设计概述····················································1一、锅炉课程设计的目的··························································1二、锅炉校核计算主要内容······················································2三、整体校核热力计算过程顺序·················································2四、热力校核计算基本资参数···················································3五、锅炉的主要参数及燃料特性参数············································31、热力计算的主要原始数据··················································32、漏风系数和过量空气系数················································43、100%负荷下汽水侧各点压力值·········································4第二章辅助计算··································································5一、燃料燃烧计算································································51、燃烧计算·····································································52、烟气特性计算·······························································53、烟气焓、空气焓、蒸汽焓的计算·······································7二、锅炉热效率及燃料消耗量的估算····································10第三章炉膛热力计算··························································12一、校核热力计算步骤·························································12二、炉膛校核热力计算·························································12第1页三、炉膛顶部辐射受热面及工质焓增的计算··························15第四章对流受热面的热力计算·············································16一、对流受热面计算·····························································16二、屏式过热器在热力计算方面具有特点······························17三、凝渣管（或悬吊管）························································21四、高温过热器的热力计算···················································22五、低温过热器的热力计······················································27六、省煤器和空气预热器······················································29第五章锅炉热力计算误差检查·············································37总结分析·················································································38前言《锅炉原理》课程设计的学习目的是为了巩固、提高锅炉原理课程的知识，培养查阅资料、合理选择和分析数据的能力以及对工程技术认真负责的态度。设计的主要内容为锅炉辅助设计计算、受热面热力计算、计算数据分析三部分。时间为两周。结果要求各种误差在规定范围之内，各项计算或选择的内容不得空缺。第一章锅炉课程设计概述一、锅炉课程设计的目的锅炉课程设计是《锅炉原理》课程的重要教学实践环节。通过课程设计来达到以第2页下目的：对锅炉原理课程的知识得以巩固、充实和提高；掌握锅炉机组的热力计算方法，学会使用热力计算标准方法,并具有综合考虑锅炉机组设计与布置的初步能力；培养对工程技术问题的严肃认真和负责的态度。二、锅炉校核计算主要内容1、锅炉辅助设计：这部分计算的目的是为后面受热面的热力计算提供必要的基本计算数据或图表。2、受热面热力计算：其中包含为热力计算提供结构数据的各受热面的结构计算。3、计算数据的分析：这部分内容往往是鉴定设计质量等的主要数据。三、整体校核热力计算过程顺序1、列出热力计算的主要原始数据，包括锅炉的主要参数和燃料特性参数。2、根据燃料、燃烧方式及锅炉结构布置特点，进行锅炉通道空气量平衡计算。3、理论工况下（a＝1）的燃烧计算。4、计算锅炉通道内烟气的特性参数。5、绘制烟气温焓表。6、锅炉热平衡计算和燃料消耗量的估算。7、锅炉炉膛热力计算。8、按烟气流向对各个受热面依次进行热力计算。9、锅炉整体计算误差的校验。10、编制主要计算误差的校验。11、设计分析及结论。第3页四、热力校核计算基本资参数蒸汽流程：汽包→顶棚管→低温对流过热器→（投一次喷水减温）屏式过热器→高温对流过热器冷段→（投二次喷水减温）高温对流过热器热段→汽轮机烟气流程：炉膛→屏式过热器→高温对流过热器→低温对流过热器→高温省煤器→高温空预器→低温省煤器→低温空预器五、锅炉的主要参数及燃料特性参数1、热力计算的主要原始数据，见下表1-4.热力计算主要原始数据表1-4锅炉主要参数序号名称符号单位数值01锅炉蒸发量Dt/h22002过热蒸汽出口压力PgrMpa9.803过热蒸汽出口温度tgr℃54004给水温度tgs℃21505给水压力PgsMpa11.306汽包工作压力PgtMpa10.807排污率P%108环境温度T℃2009制粉系统中间储仓式10排渣方式固态11燃烧方式四角切圆燃烧煤种特性参数12水分Mar%1313灰分Aar%14.814碳Car%56.915氢Har%4.416氧Oar%9.117氮Nar%1.218硫Sar%0.619收到基低位发热量kj/kg22415第4页2、漏风系数和过量空气系数，见下表1-5.漏风系数和过量空气系数表1-5序号名称额定负荷时漏风系数△αe非额定负荷时漏风系数△α入口过量空气系数α´出口过量空气系数α符号计算公式结果符号计算公式结果1制粉系统漏风系数△αzf0.1－－－－－－－2炉膛0.05△α1△αe(De/D)0.050α1燃烧方式为煤粉炉固态排渣，燃料为烟煤，查表1-21.203屏,凝渣管0△αpn－0.000α´pn=α1αpnα´pn+△αpn1.2004高温过热器0.025△αgg△αe√(De/D)其中：De为锅炉额定负荷；D为锅炉实际负荷。0.025α´gg=αpnαggα´gg+△αgg1.2255低温过热器0.025△αdg0.025α´dg=αggαdgα´dg+△αdg1.2506高温省煤器0.02△αss0.020α´ss=αdgαssα´ss+△αss1.2707高温空预器0.05△αsk0.050α´sk=αssαskα´sk+△αsk1.3208低温省煤器0.02△αxs0.020α´xs=αskαxsα´xs+△αxs1.3409低温空预器0.05△αxk0.050α´xk=αxsαxkα´xk+△αxk1.390注:工程计算中，一般当D70%De时才进行漏风系数的修正，本课程设计将对其进行修正,取D=100%De时数据。结果取小数点后三位（后同）3、100%负荷下汽水侧各点压力值见下表1-6.100%负荷下汽水侧各点压力值表1-6（绝对压力）负荷位置低温省煤气入口高温省煤器入口高温省煤器出口汽包低温过热器出口屏式过热器出口搞过冷段出口高过热段出口20干燥无灰基挥发分Vdaf%4621空气干燥基水分Mad%3.522可磨性系数Kkm1.423变形温度DT℃119024软化温度ST℃150025熔化温度FT℃备注:所选煤种为抚顺烟煤，依据本人学号末尾数为0第5页70%11.5711.2811.0810.9810.4910.2010.109.90第二章辅助计算一、燃料燃烧计算1、燃烧计算需计算出理论空气量、理论氮容积、RO2容积、理论干烟气容积、理论水蒸汽容积等，计算结果见下表2-8。燃烧计算表2-8序号项目名称符号单位（标准状况下）计算公式及数据结果01理论空气量Vºm3/kg0.0889（Car+0.375Sar)+0.265Har-0.0333Oar5.94102理论氮容积VºN2m3/kg0.8*Nar/100+0.79Vº4.70303RO2容积VRO2m3/kg(1.866Car+0.7Sar)/1001.06604理论干烟气容积Vºgym3/kgVºN2+VRO25.76905理论水蒸汽容积VºH2Om3/kg11.1Har/100+1.24Mar/100+1.61dkVº(dk=0.01kg/kg)0.74506飞灰份额αfh查表2-4(固态排渣，αfh=0.90―0.95)0.9302、烟气特性计算第6页需要计算出各受热面的烟道平均过量空气系数。干烟气容积、水蒸汽容积，烟气总容积、RO2容积份额、三原子气体和水蒸汽容积总份额、容积飞灰浓度、烟气质量、质量飞灰浓度等。具体计算见下表2-9。烟气特性计算表2-9序号项目名称符号单位（标准状况下）炉膛，屏凝渣管高过低过高温省煤器高温空预器低温省煤器低温空预器01受热面出口过量空气系数α－1.2001.2251.2501.2701.3201.3401.39002烟道平均过量空气系数αpj－1.2001.2131.2381.2601.2951.3301.36503干烟气容积Vºgy+（αpj—1）VºVgym3/kg6.9587.0327.1807.3147.5227.7307.93804水蒸气容积VºH2O+0.0161(αpj-1)VºVH2Om3/kg0.7640.7660.7680.7700.7730.7770.78005烟气总容积Vgy+VH2OVym3/kg7.7227.7977.9488.0848.2958.5078.71806RO2容积份额VRO2/VyrRO2－0.1380.1370.1340.1320.1280.1250.12207水蒸气容积份额VH2O/VyrH2O－0.0990.0980.0970.0950.0930.0910.08908三原子气体和水蒸气容积份额rRO2+rH2Or－0.2370.2350.2310.2270.2220.2170.212第7页09容积飞灰浓度10Aarαfh/Vyµvg/m317.82517.65217.31717.02616.59216.18015.78810烟气质量1-Aar/100+1.306αpjVºmykg/kg10.16310.26010.45410.62910.90011.17211