1初中英语语法专项习题一、名词(n.)表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词(一)名词的分类名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数。可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体。如:boy,desk,cat,window)和集体名词(由若干个体组成的集合体。如:family,class,police)。不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物。如:water,paper,silk,money)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如:work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework)专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如:Tom,theGreatWall,theSpringFestival,France,theUnitedStates)(二)名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种:(1)一般情况下,在词尾加s.eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s],以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.eg.beach——beaches,brush——brushes,bus——buses,box—boxes(es读音为〔iz〕(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es.eg.city——cities,family——families,documentary——documentaries,country——countries,strawberry——strawberries(ies读音为[iz])(注:以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days)(4)以o结尾的名词,变复数时情况如下:①,.tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes,hero—heroesnegro——negroesmongo——mongoesp②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,eg.zoo—zoos,radio——radios③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg.piano—pianos④一些名词的缩写形式变复数时,词尾加s,eg.photo(photograph)——photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos⑤zero变复数时,既可加s,也可加eg.zeros/zeroes(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es.eg.wife——wives,leafleaves,half——halves,knife—knives,thief——thieves(res读音为[vz](注意:roof的复数为roofs;scarf的复数为scarfs/scarves)(6)有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字2eg.man——men,woman——women,policeman——policemen,Englishman——Englishmen,Frenchman——Frenchmen,foot——feet,tooth——teeth,child——children,mouse—mice,Ox—Oxen(公牛)(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish(8)另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors另外,①当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数。eg.anappletree,fiveappletrees,agirlfriend,twogirlfriends,atwinsister但是,当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。eg.twomenteachers,threewomendoctors②可用“量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。eg.aroomOfstudents,twoboxesOfpencils2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下。(1)表不定数量时,一般用much,(a)little,alotof/lotsof,some,any等词修饰。eg,muchmoney,alittlebread(2)表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如:two/three/…+量词复数十of+不可数名词。eg.abagOfrice,twoglassesOfmilk,fourbottlesOfwater3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。eg:fruit水果——fruits表示不同种类的水果;food食物——foods各种食品;fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类;drink饮料、酒——adrink一杯/一份饮料、一杯酒;cloth布——,acloth桌布、抹布;sand沙——sands沙滩;tea茶——atea一杯茶;chicken鸡肉——achicken小鸡;orange橘汁——anorange橘子;glass玻璃——aglass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜;paper纸——apaper试卷、论文;wood木头——awood小森林;room空间、余地——aroom房间(三)名词的所有格(表示人或物的所属关系)(1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。①不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,在词尾加’s.eg.Mike’swatch;Women’sDay②以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加’。eg.teachers’office,students’rooms③两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名词后加’s.eg.TomandMike’sroom汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房)④两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别所有,需在几个名词后都加’s.eg.Mary’sandJenny’sbikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车)(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构3eg.amapOfChina,thebeginningOfthisgame,thedoorOftheroom(3)特殊形式①可用’s和of短语表示的名词所有格eg.theboy’sname=thenameOftheboy(男孩的名字)thedog’slegs=thelegsofthedog(狗的腿)China’spopulation=thepopulationOfChina(中国的人口)China’scapital=thecapitalofChina(中国的首都)②双重所有格eg.afiendofmymother’s我妈妈的一个朋友apictureofTom’s汤姆的一张图片练习题1.()1Shewasveryhappy.Sheinthemathstest.A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake()2Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe()3_____are____forcuttingthings.A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedB.C.Knife/usingD.Knives/using()4Whatbig____thetigerhas!A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes()5Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave()6-Canwehavesome___?-Yes,please.A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear()7Onthetabletherearefive____.A.tomatosB.pieceoftomatoesC.tomatoesD.tomato2()1Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories()2Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice()3Whenwesawhisface,weknew___wasbad.A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsP.news()4What___lovelyweatheritis!A./B.theC.anD.a3()1-Wouldyoulike___tea?-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforangeC.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges()2Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads()3Itreallytookhim:___todrawthenicehorse.A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime()4Iwouldliketohave___.A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkIC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks()5Canyougiveme____?A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea()6Pleasegiveme___paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof()7Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes4()1-Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?-I'vegotfive.A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken()2Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies4()3Inthepicturetherearemany____andtwo.A.sheep;foxesC.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxD.sheep;foxs()4Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American5()1Thistableismadeof___.A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass()2-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-I'dlike____.!A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken()3Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom6()1Tablesaremadeof___.A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods()2Iwonderwhy______aresointerestedinaction(武打片)fil