1导学案中考考点五:动词不定式(Infinitives)崇文中学米丽涛班级:九(9)一.课型:语法课课时:2课时二.教学目标:动词不定式三.教学难点:不定式的正确使用四.教学方法:练习,归纳五.教学过程:一.导入.(Iwantyoutofinishsomeexercisestolearninfinitives.)(一)程度:动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一,也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。(二)定义与构成:它是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为"_______________",_____为动词不定式的符号,本身无意义。(三)特点:1.具有动词的特点,因此,后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语,构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点,可以在句子中用作_______、_______、__________、_______、________、_______等。下面以近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例,对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点,作一简要的总结和分析,供同学们学习时参考。二.练习,归纳,总结不定式的常规用法一)、动词不定式作_____________.1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday(甘肃省).A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans2.It'shardforus_________Englishwell(江西省).A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning3.It'sverynice_________youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup(安徽省).A.for,ofB.of,forC.to,forD.of,to简析]动词不定式作________时,可以直接放在谓语动词__________主语位置,也可以用____作形式___语,而将真正的____语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有:(1)Itis+形容词+(___sb)+todosth.句中常用_____,_____,______,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;(2)Itis+名词+(____sb)+todosth.(3)Ittakessbsometime____________.(4)Itis+形容词+(_____sb)+todosth.二)、动词不定式作___________.21.Hewants______somevegetables(山西省).A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool(福建省).A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking3.Hefounditverydifficult______(湖南省).A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep[简析]在_____,______,_______,_________,_______,______,______,_______,______,______,______,_____,________,_____等动词后面,可以接带___不定式作___语。如果其后接形容词补足语时,则可以用_____作形式宾语,而把作真正宾语的_______放到后面,常见的动词有:_____,_____.三)、动词不定式作___________________.1.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith(江苏省)2.Mr.LioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood(甘肃省).A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked3.Thebossmadethem_____thewholenight.A.worksB.toworkC.workD.worked[简析]不定式可以用作_______________,分两类。1.接带to不定式作________的动词有:_____,______,________,________,________,________,_________,__________等。2.接不带to不定式作__________的动词有:_____,______,________,________,________,_______________,_________,____________等。四)、动词不定式作________1.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing(江西省)2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns(四川省)3.Icomehereonly________good-byetoyou.A.saidB.saysC.tosayD.saying[简析]go,come,do/tryone'sbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常接不定式作________状语。另外,不定式做目的状语,可置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。如:1)Inordernottooffendpeople,learningaboutlanguageetiquetteisjustasimportantaslearninggrammarorvocabulary.todosth/inordertodosth/soastodosth用作目的状语,置句末时都可以用,置句首时只用todosth/inordertodosth。soastodosth一般不置于句首.33.I'msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear(河北省)4.I'msorry______you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled(吉林省)5.Mymotherwasveryglad______heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets(甘肃省)[简析]"be+形容词+todosth"结构中的不定式作状语,常表示______或_______。6.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.(改为同义句)Theiceonthelakewasn't______enough______people__________________.(广东省)[简析]在“too+形容词/副词+(forsb)+todosth”(太……而不能……)和“be+形容词+enough+(forsb)+todo…”(足以、足够……做……)结构中,不定式作_________状语。五)、动词不定式作__________.1.Wouldyoulikesomething______?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks(湖北省)2.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo(河南省)3.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith(山东省)[简析]不定式作___语时,常放在被修饰的词_________,如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后的介词或副词______省略,构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。六)、动词不定式作__________.1.Mywishis___________tospace.A.goB.togoingC.goingD.togo2.Youjobis_________thelettersintheoffice.A.totypeB.totypingC.typesD.type[简析]不定式作___语时,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征,且常用于以下结构:one’s______/______/aim/goalis…七)、动词不定式的否定形式1.Mr.Blackaskedtheman________thequeue.A.nottojumpB.tonotjumpC.didn'tjumpD.notjump(广西壮族自治区)2.Theoldmanletthechild______noisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot(湖北省)[简析]动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号____的前面加上_____,如果是不带____的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上_____.4八)动词不定式的被动形式:___________________________例:Thebikeneeds________atonce.A.tomendingB.tobemendedC.tomendD.tomended不定式的特殊用法:一)、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has(广西壮族自治区)2.——Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?——Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took(湖北省)3.——Let'shavearest,shallwe?——Notnow,Ican'tstop______theletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite(湖北省)[简析]一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下:1.“stoptodosth”意为“停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事”(__________),“stopdoingsth”意为“停止正在做的事”(___________).2.“remembertodosth”意为“记住去做某事”(事还未做,________),“rememberdoingsth”意为“记得做过某事”(事已做,________).3.“goontodosth”意为“接着做某事”(做完一事,接着做另一事),“goondoingsth”意为“继续做某事”(接着做同一件事).4.“forgettodosth”意为“忘了做某事”(事还未做,__________),“forgetdoingsth”意为“忘了曾做过某事”(事已做,_________)。5.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplane______overmyhead.A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly(福建省)6.Awomansawit______whenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen(黑龙江省)[简析]在_____,_____,_______,_____等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式,也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语,用不定式表示_______________________或__________________,用动词的-ing形式表示动作_________________.★★但既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语,意思差别不太大的动词有_______,__________,________,________