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本科毕业论文(设计)基于AT89S52单片机的多功能智能小车设计论文2012年4年28月精品毕业论文摘要本文介绍了一种利用AT89S52单片机为控制核心，结合多种传感器以及PID算法实现循迹避障功能的智能小车。利用反射式光电传感器检测黑线实现小车循迹，利用超声波传感器检测道路上的障碍，控制电动小汽车的自动避障，整个系统具有自动寻迹、寻光和速度测试功能。其中，控制部分采用AT89S52，AT89S52是一款8位单片机，它的易用性和多功能性受到了广大使用者的好评。电机驱动采用常用的PWM方式进行电机的调速控制，小车的速度通过液晶屏来显示。整个系统的电路结构较简单，可靠性能高，能满足各种设计的要求。随着我国高科技水平的不断提高和工业自动化进程的不断推进，智能小车被广泛应用于各种玩具和其他产品的设计中，极大地丰富了人们的生活。关键词:单片机；传感器；PWM调速；循迹避障；pid控制算法精品毕业论文AbstractThispaperintroducedankindofintelligentcarthatuseAT89S52SCMascontrolcore,combinewithmultiplesensorsandPIDcontrolalgorithmtoachievethefunctionthatfindtrackandavoidobstacles.theelectricalcarusesreflectivephotoelectricsensortodetectblacklinetoachievetrack-finding,usesultrasonicsensorstodetectobstaclesontheroadtoavoidobstaclesautomatically.Theentiresystemhasthefunctionthattracerouteautomatically,findlightandtestspeed.Amongthem,AT89S52whichhas8-bitsingle-chipisusedasthecontrolpart.Becauseofuseingeasilyandhavingmulti-function,itsufferslargeusers.Themotordriverusesthecommonway--PWMforthemotorcontrollingspeed.thespeedofcarisdisplayedbytheLCDscreen.Thecircuitstructureofthewholesystemisrelativelysimple,highreliability,anditcanmeettherequirementsofthevariousdesign.Withthecontinuousimprovementofhightechnologyandthesteadprocessinindustrialautomationinourcountry,theIntelligence-carwhichgraduallyaccesstopeople'sattentionhasbeenwidelyappliedtodesignavarietyoftoysandotherproducts,whichgreatlyenrichedpeople'slives.KEYWORDS:SCM;Sensor;PWMspeedadjusting;Trackfindingandobstacleavoidance;PIDcontrolalgorithm精品毕业论文目录1绪论..................................................................................................................................11.1研究背景和发展现状...................................................................................................11.2研究目的和意义...........................................................................................................11.3研究内容.......................................................................................................................12系统总体方案设计与论证..................................................................................................32.1总体方案设计...............................................................................................................32.2方案选择论证...............................................................................................................32.2.1循迹检测系统.........................................................................................................42.2.2障碍物检测系统.....................................................................................................42.2.3光源检测系统.........................................................................................................52.2.4速度检测系统.........................................................................................................52.3电机驱动系统...............................................................................................................52.4单片机控制电路系统...................................................................................................62.5显示模块.......................................................................................................................63硬件设计..............................................................................................................................73.1总体设计方案...............................................................................................................73.2单片机控制电路...........................................................................................................83.3电机驱动电路..............................................................................................................103.3.1驱动电路................................................................................................................103.3.2PWM调速原理.....................................................................................................113.4循迹检测电路.............................................................................................................123.5障碍物检测电路.........................................................................................................133.6光源检测电路..............................................................................................................143.7速度检测电路.............................................................................................................153.8液晶显示电路.............................................................................................................164软件设计............................................................................................................................184.1系统控制流程.............................................................................................................184.2算法设计.....................................................................................................................184.2.1循迹算法设计..................................................................................................