农业植物病理学试卷(一)一、单项选择题1.Wheatstriperustcausedby().A.PucciniastriiformisB.PucciniareconditaC.PucciniagraminisD.Uromycesappendiculatus2.Gaeumannomycesgraminisisthepathogenof().A.wheatleafblightB.wheatsharpeyespotC.wheattake-allD.wheatrootrot3.Northernleafblightofmaizecausedby().A.ExserohilumturcicumB.BipolarismaydisC.CercosporamaydisD.Curvularialunata4.PearscabinChinawascausebyA.VenturianashicolaB.VenturiapirinaC.VenturiainaequalisD.Spilocaeapomi5.Lateblightdiseaseofpotato,themostdevastatingdiseaseofpotatoesintheworld,causedby().A.PhytophthorainfestansB.PhytophthoracapsiciC.PhytophthoramelonisD.Phytophthoraparasitica6.Thepathogenofcucumberdownymildewis().A.PeronosporaparasiticaB.PeronosporamanschuricaC.PseudoperonosporacubensisD.Plasmoparaviticola7.Kiwibacterialcankercouldinfectmanypartsofplantbutnot().A.vineB.leafC.flowerD.root8.TMVcanattackawiderangeofplants,butitcan’tinfect().A.tomatoB.eggplantC.cucumberD.spinach9.Riceblastcausedby().AXanthomonasoryzaeBPyriculariagriseaCBipolarisoryzaeDRhizoctoniasolani10.Tomato()iscausedbythefungusBotrytiscinerea.A.leafmoldB.graymoldC.earlyblightD.lateblight11.桃缩叶病在春末夏初叶片表面长出的一层灰白色粉状物,为病菌的()。A.夏孢子堆B.分生孢子堆C.子囊层D.菌丝层12.水稻白叶枯病形成的病征是。A.霉状物B.粉状物C.点状物D.脓状物1.A2.C3.A4.B5.A6.C7.D8.C9.B10.B11.C12.D二、填空题(每空1分,共20分)1.Sweetpotatoblackrot的中文名称,主要危害寄主的,但部位也可受害。发病的主要时期在。2.小麦黄矮病的发生流行除与品种的抗病性有关外,与的发生也密切相关,所以,防治该病时应考虑措施。3.RapeseedSclerotiniastemrot的中文名称是,该病菌是在开花期以先侵染后,而后引起茎秆发病。4.Milletdownymildew的中文名称是,该病害在寄主的各个生育期和不同器官上显露不同的症状,因而获得不同的症状名称,请写出其中的三个,,。5.Peachbrownrot的中文名称是,其主要危害。6.梨锈病菌具有转主寄生特点,在整个生活中产生4种类型的孢子,其中和()发生在柏类寄主上,和发生在梨树上。7.Ricesheathblight的中文名称是,该病菌主要以形式在土壤越冬。答案1.甘薯黑疤(斑)病,薯块/root,地上/underground,贮藏期/instorage2.蚜虫/aphid,治蚜防病/controlaphids3.油菜菌核病,花瓣/petal4.谷子白发病,灰背,白发,枪杆,看谷老,刺猬头(任意回答出3个均可)5.桃褐腐病,果实/fruit6.冬孢子/teliospore,担孢子/basidiospore,性孢子/pycnospore,锈孢子/aeciospore7.水稻纹枯病,菌核/sclerotia三、判断正误题(每小题1分,共10分)1.玉米大斑病菌分生孢子的脐点平截。(×)2.植物霜霉病症状的共同特点是其病部均产生白色霜霉状物。(×)3.马铃薯退化的主要原因是由于病毒侵染所致。(√)4.土壤温湿度对园艺植物根结线虫病的发生影响较大。(√)5.小麦纹枯病是靠气生菌丝在田间扩展。(√)6.苹果树腐烂病病部枝干在潮湿情况下涌出桔黄色的卷须状物是冬孢子角。(×)7.玉米瘤黑粉病为苗期侵染的系统性病害。(×)8.小麦赤霉病有再侵染,但在病害流行上不重要。(√)9.番茄叶霉病只危害叶片,不危害其他部位。(×)10.十字花科蔬菜的软腐病和根肿病均是由细菌侵染所致。(×)四、简答题(任选7题用英文或中文作答,每小题6分,共42分)1.从症状特点、发生时期及为害部位等方面区别水稻纹枯病和稻瘟病?答案要点:1.水稻纹枯病(1)症状特点:产生云纹状病斑,后期产生菌核;(1分)(2)为害部位:叶鞘;(1分)(3)发生时期:从苗期到穗期均可发生。(1分)2.稻瘟病(1)症状特点:形成的病斑有明显的褐色边缘,中央灰白色;(1分)(2)为害部位:叶片、叶枕、穗颈、谷粒;(1分)(3)发生时期:整个生育期均有发病。(1分)2.WhatadviceshouldyougivetofarmersiftheyfoundFusariumwiltandVerticilliumwiltincottonfield.答案要点:(1)Plantquarantineshouldbeenhancedinthedisease-freefield.(1分)(2)Cultivatingandplantingdisease-resistantvarieties.(1分)(3)Croprotation.(1分)(4)Strengthenthecultivationmanagement.(1分)(5)Fungicidecontrol.(1分)(6)Biologicalcontrol.(1分)3.Pleasedistinguishthedifferencesofsymptombetweenpearscabandapplescab.答案要点:Appleandpearscabcanbeobservedonleaves,petioles,blossoms,sepals,fruit,pedicels,andlessfrequently,onyoungshootsandbudscales.(1)Lesionsonleavesandpetiolesbeginasround,brownishspotsthateventuallybecomevelvetyinappearance.Withintheselesionsconidiaareproduced.Laterintheseason,smallspotscanbeobservedonthelowersurfaceoftheleaves.Theseareusuallytheresultoflatespringorearlysummerinfections.;(3分)(2)Thefirstlesionsareoftenfoundonthelowersurfacesofleavesastheyemergeandareexposedtoinfectioninthespring.Later,astheleavesunfold,bothsurfacesareexposedandcanbecomeinfected.Younglesionsarevelvetybrowntoolivegreenandhavefeathery,indistinctmargins.Withtime,themarginsbecomedistinct,buttheymaybeobscuredifseverallesionscoalesce.(3分)4.Pleasesummerizethecontrolmethodsofcucumberdownymildew.答案要点:(1)Selectdisease-resistantvarieties;(1分)(2)Thecontroltemperatureandhumidityingreenhouse;(2分)(3)Strengthenthecultivationmanagement:inceasingCO2;applicationoffoliagefertilizer;(2分)(4)Fungicidecontrol.(1分)5.番茄常发的真菌性叶斑病有哪几种?简述其中两种病害的症状特点。答案要点:(1)番茄常发的真菌性叶斑病有晚疫病、早疫病、叶霉病和灰霉病。(2分)(2)任意答出一种病害的症状特点2分,至少答出两种病害的特点。(4分)6.Pleaseanalysetheconditionsofdiseasedevelopmentofwheatsacb.答案要点:(1)Climaticconditions:Rainfall,rainfallhour,relativehumidityduringflowering;(2分)(2)Theamountofprimaryinfectionsource;(2分)(3)Varietalresistance:theresistancearedifferentamongdifferentofvarieties.(2分)7.简述我国小麦条锈病大区流行规律。答案要点:(1)小麦条锈菌夏孢子能随气流远距离传播,使小麦锈病的流行范围涵盖不同自然生态地理区,不同国家,甚至不同大陆,在相当大的地域内,锈病流行过程是一个不可分割的整体,故将其称为大区流行。(2分)(2)我国小麦条锈病有三个流行区系:中东部流行区系;云南流行区系;新疆流行区系,并对其作简要说明。(4分)8.WhatistheTAD(Take-allDecline)ofwheat?答案要点:Continuouswheatproducersmaygethelpfromaphenomenoncalledtake-alldecline.Aftertake-allseveritypeaksinthefourthorfifthyearofcontinuouswheat,severitymaythendeclineduetoparasitesofthetake-allfungusitself.Afterwards,take-allseverityusuallyremainslowenoughtotolerate.However,justoneyearofrotationtoadifferentcropmeansyouhavetostartalloveragain.Thatmeansyouhavetosufferhighlossesforseveralyearsbeforeyouregaintake-alldecline.Take-alldoesn'tlikeacidsoilsandissuppressedwhenthepHgetsmuchbelow6.0.Whencontinuouswheatislimed,severetake-alloftenresults.Itisgoodpracticetocombinelimingwithcroprotation.五、论述题(任选1题作答,共10分)1.描述苹果树腐烂病的是识别症状特点,并根据其在我国的发生规律,制定出合理的综合防治方案。答案要点:(1)简要说明其症状特点(包括危害部位,识别特征,发病时期);(2分)(2)