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I施肥对旱地土壤中硝态氮含量的影响摘要本研究以小麦为研究对象，以不同氮素形态为试验因子，在肥力不同的河南科技大学周山校区、开元校区试验田和遇驾沟试验地进行大田试验。分别在小麦越冬期、拔节期、孕穗期、成熟期取0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm、60-80cm土样，分析土壤中硝态氮含量及变化动态，探索氮素形态对旱地小麦供肥性的影响。结果表明：（1）氮素的施用对旱地土壤中硝态氮含量有重大影响。（2）氮素形态对旱地土壤中硝态氮含量有着显著的影响，试验得出三块试验地硝态氮含量最高的处理与对照组分别相差84.83%、131.45%、181.72%；不同类型氮肥的混合施用对土壤中硝态氮的含量也有显著影响。在遇驾沟和周山校区，用硝酸钠和硫酸铵混施(1:1)效果最好，而开元校区用硝酸钙和硫酸铵混施(1:1)效果最好；几种处理下的总体增硝效果大致是：XCaSXSNXNSNLNCK，增加比例分别是：116.43%、93.37%、56.92%、49.42%、20.61%。（3）土壤类型对硝态氮有较为明显的影响：碳酸盐类土壤中0-20cm土层的硝态氮含量高于其他土层，并且比黄潮土壤中0-20cm的含量高。相比之下，黄潮土壤类型20-40cm土层硝态氮含量增加效果明显，而且不同处理下各土层中硝态氮含量变化规律性较强，由上到下，硝态氮含量逐渐降低。转载于:正刊论文网（4）不同阴离子对土壤硝态氮含量的影响：在周山校区试验地，在硫酸铵和氯化铵处理下的0-20cm土层中硝态氮含量却不相同，LN处理条件下的比SN条件下的硝态氮含量高40.67%，这说明铵态氮提供氮源时，不同阴离子也会对硝态氮转化产生影响。而在XSN和XCaS处理下的同一地块和同一土层，硝态氮含量也不相同，说明阳离子对硝态氮转化也有影响，但是影响效果因试验地而异。转载于:正刊论文网关键词：小麦，氮素形态，旱地，硝态氮含量转载于:正刊论文网施肥对旱地土壤中硝态氮含量的影响IITheEffectOnNitrateContentsOfDrylandAsFertilizingABSTRACTInthisstudy,astheresearchobjectofwheatandsetprocessingwithdifferentnitrogenforms,carriedoutfieldtrials.RespectivelyindifferentfertilityfieldofzhoushankaiyuanyujiagoudistrictofHenanUniversityofscienceandTechnology.Respectivelyinwheatover-winteringstage,jointingstage,bootingstage,matureperiod,take0-20cm,20-40cm,40-60cm,60-80cmsoilsamples,analysisofsoilnitratecontentsandthedynamicsofnformsondryland,andexploretheinfluenceofnformsondrylandwheatforsupportingfertilizer.Resultsindicatethat转载于:正刊论文网(1)Theapplicationoffertilizertodrylandhasfunctionwithnitratecontents.(2)Differentnitrogenformshassignificantinfluenceonnitratecontentofdryland.Concludedthethreetestbedthatthehighestprocessingcamparewiththeckdifference84.83%,131.45%,181.72%respectively.Themixedofdifferenttypesnitrogenapplicationalsohavesignificanteffectonnitratecontentofdryland.IncaseZhouShanandyujiagoucampusintrenchesandmixedwithsodiumnitratewithammoniumsulfatewas(1-1)thebesteffect,whilethemixingCalciumnitratewithammoniumsulfatewasthebest(1-1)inkaiyuan;Overthealltreatments’effectisroughly:XCaSXSNXNSNLNCK,increasingproportionrespectivelyis116.43%、93.37%、56.92%、49.42%、20.61%49.(3)Differentsoiltypesonsoilnitratehaveamoresignificantimpact:carbonatetypesin0-20cmlayerofsoilnitratecontentthanothersoilandthesoilinthewavethantheyellowcontentof0-20cm(4)Differentanionsonnitratecontent:Hillcampusinthesametrial,intheSNandLNtreatmentsof0-20cmsoilnitratecontentisnotthesame,LNtreatmentthanunderconditionsofnitrateSN40.67%nitrogencontent,indicatingthatthecationicformofnitrogensourceonnitrogentransformationofdifferentanionswillaffect.XSNandXCaShandledinthesameblockandunderthesamesoillayer,thenitratecontentisnotthesame,indicatingthatcationsalsohaveanimpactontheconversionofnitrate,buttheeffecttovarybytest.KEYWORDS：Wheat,Nitrogenforms,Dryland,NitratecontentIII目录摘要.........................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................II目录......................................................................................................................................III符号说明..................................................................................................................................IV第一章文献综述....................................................................................................................11.1不同条件下硝态氮的营养效果..............................................................................11.1.1硝态氮对不同植物类型的营养效果............................................................11.1.2介质pH值对氮素吸收的影响.....................................................................11.1.3硝态氮对小麦玉米的增产效果....................................................................21.2硝态氮肥的研究进展..............................................................................................31.2.1微生物对铵的硝化........................................................................................31.2.2提高氮素利用率的研究进展........................................................................41.3研究的目的和意义..................................................................................................5第二章试验部分....................................................................................................................62.1材料和方法..............................................................................................................62.1.1供试材料........................................................................................................62.1.2试验设计........................................................................................................62.1.3土壤样品的采集............................................................................................72.1.4土壤样品硝态氮含量的测定.............