1总复习(三)冠词的用法与练习题Mr.Liu2012-3-26冠词是一种虚词,是最典型的限定词,本身不能单独使用,只能附在一个名词上帮助说明名词的含义。是名词的一种标志。英语中的冠词有定冠词the和不定冠词a、an两种:a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。不定冠词仅用在可数名词单数前。用来表示“—”的意思,但不强调数的观念,只说明名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者。表示“这,这些,那,那些”的意思,在可数名词单,复数前和不可数名词前都可以用。1.不定冠词的基本用法(1)不定冠词有a和an两种:a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前例如:aboy,acity,agirl,ausefulanimal,anoldman,anhonestboy,abadapple,atallelephant(2)用来表示“—”的意思,但不强调数的观念,只说明名词为不特定者。即不具体说明是何人何物。例如:(3)不定冠词含有“—”的意思,但数量观念没有one强烈,在句子里边一般可以不必译出,但若有“一个”的意思则译出,(4)一般用在可数名词单数前,指人或事物的某一种类。(5)用在某些固定词组中。例如:alotof,amomentago,afew,alittle2.定冠词的用法(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:Thebookonthedeskismine.Showmethephotooftheboy,please.(2)指双方都知道的人或事物。例如:Openthedoor,please.请开门。Didyouseetheboy?你看见那个男孩了吗?What’sthenewteacher’sname?新老师的名字叫什么?(3)指上文提到的人或事物。例如:Helivesonafarm.Thefarmisnotbig.他住在农场,这农场不大。Therearesomedogs.Thedogsareverylovely.这儿有一些狗。这些狗很可爱。(4)用在世界上独一无二的事物前。例如:Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.太阳比月亮大些。但这些名词作为描绘性定语时,可用不定冠词。例如:Look!Aredsunisrising.瞧!一轮红日正在升起。(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如:Thefirstislandisthebiggestofthethree.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。(6)用在用普通名词构成的党派,国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专有名词前。例如:TheywillvisittheGreatWallnextweek.TheycametotheUnitedStatesofAmericalastyear.TheCommunistPartyofChinawasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.2(7)用在形容词前表示一类人,the+形容词指的是一群人,是一种复数含义,所以其后动词应用复数形式。例如:Theoldaresick.(8)用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人。例如:TheSmithshavemovedtoLondon.(9)用在某些习惯用语中。例如:inthemorning,ontheleft,thedaybeforeyesterday,allthesame三、不用冠词的情况(1)星期、月份、季节、节日前一般不用冠词。但是中国传统节日前习惯用冠词。例如:Allofuslikethespringfestival.我们喜欢春节。It’sSundaytoday.今天是星期天。HewasbornonJune12,1999.他出生于1999年6月12日。TodayisFather’sDay.今天是父亲节。Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?冬天来了,春天还会远吗?但是如果被一个限制性定语修饰或有表示继续的介词during,through时与表示一段特定的时间,则在季节前要加定冠词。例如:ShecametoShanghaiinthespringof1987.她是一九八七年春天来上海的。TheschoolwascompletedintheSeptemberof2000.这学校是2000年9月落成的。Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.他夏天的每一天都游泳。虽不特指某一年的季节,但说话人把某季节看作一年的一部分,即一年的某一段时间。则在季节前要加定冠词。例如:Weplayfootballinthewinter.(2)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:Mr.Liisourheadmaster.李先生是我们的校长。AfterlunchAuntHuangcamein.午饭后黄阿姨来了。(3)各词复数表示一类人或事物时。但若各词复数被一个限制性定语修饰,则要加定冠词the.例如:Ilikecakesverymuch.我非常喜欢蛋糕。MyfatherandmotherarethedoctorsinPeople’sHospitalofShanghai.(4)在三餐饭,球类运动与棋类游戏,学科名称的名词前。但若表示某一种或某一个特定的概念时用冠词。例如:Hehadsupperwithusyesterday.It’saverygoodsupper.他昨天和我们吃晚饭,这是一顿丰盛的晚餐。Mybrotherlikestoplayfootball.我兄弟喜欢踢足球。Let’sgoandwatchthemplaychess.让我们去看他们下棋。(5)在物质名词,抽象名词,人名,地名等专有名词和不可数名词前.但若不可数各词有其它限制词修饰时,则要加定冠词the.例如:Smithisourteacher.史密思是我们的老师。Milkisgoodforus.牛奶对我们有好处。Thewaterinthepoolisverydirty.坑里的水很脏。(6)名词前已有作定语的this、that、my、your、some、any、等限定词时。例如:Comethisway,please.I’vesomequestiontoaskyou.Mybrotherisastudent.3I.冠词填空:在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词,不需用冠词处划×。1.Thereis_______pictureof_______elephanton_______wall.2.Thisis_______usefulbook.I'vereaditfor_______hour.3._______elephantismuchheavierthan_______horse.4._______doctortoldhimtotake_______medicinethreetimes_______day.5.Let'sgooutfor_______walk.6.It'stoohot.Open_______door,please.7.Thereis_______womanoverthere._______womanisMeimei'smother.8._______sunrisesin_______east.9._______ChangjiangRiveris_______longestriverin_______China.10.Areyougoingtodoit_______secondtime?11.Washingtonis_______capitalof_______USA.12._______Turnersarelivingattheendof_______TurnerStreet.13.Hejoinedthearmyin_______springof_______1995.14._______oldmanis_______teacher.Helikesplaying_______basketballafter_______supper.15.AfterIhad_______quickbreakfast,Ihurriedtoschool.16.Are_______sheepkeptby_______farmersforproducing_______wooland_______meat?17.Theywentto_______People'sPark,butwebothwentto_______People'sCinemayesterday.18.Ioftenwatch_______TVin_______evening.19._______dayof_______December20,1999isMonday.20.Tomorrowis_______ChristmasDayandmyfatherandIwenttochoose_______Christmastreetoday.21.Ithink_______mathsismoreimportantthananyothersubject.22.Heoftengoesto_______schoolby_______bike.23.Whatdoesthis_______wordmean,_______Father?24.What_______importantnews!II.选择填空。1.—DoesJimhave_______ruler?—Yes,hehas_______.A.an;someB.a;oneC.a;/D.any;one2.Thereis_______oldbike._______oldbikeisMrZhao's.A.an;TheB.the;AnC.a;TheD.the;The3._______appleadaykeepsthedoctorsaway.A.TheB.AC.AnD.Two4.—Howmanybooksdoyouhave?—Ihave_______book.That's_______Englishbook.A.a;anB.a;oneC.one;anD.one;one5.AtthattimeTomwas_______one-year-oldbaby.A.aB.anC.theD./6._______tigeris_______China.A.The;aB.A;theC.The;fromD.The;the47.Wecan'tsee_______sunat_______night.A.the;theB.the;/C.a;/D./;/8._______usefulbookitis!A.WhatanB.HowaC.WhataD.What9.Oneafternoonhefound_______handbag.Therewas_______“s”onthecornerof_______handbag.A.a;an;theB.a;a;theC.an;an;anD.the;a;a10._______oldladywithwhitehairspoke_______Englishwellat_______meeting.A.An;an;aB.The;/;anC.The;/;aD.The;/;the11._______GreatWallis_______longestwallintheworld.A.A;aB.The;theC.A;theD.The;a12._______newbridgehasbeenbuiltoverHuangpuRiver.A.The;aB.A;/C.A;theD.An;the13._______womanoverthereis_______popularteacherinourschool.A.A;anB.The;aC.The;theD.A;the14.Heusedtobe_______teacherbutlaterheturned_______writer.A.a;aB.a;theC./;aD.a;/15.Theyma