初中易混词汇辨析

初中易混词汇辨析1.clothes,cloth,clothing①clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词用复数,asuitofclothes指一套衣服。可以说manyclothes,theseclothes,不说anarticleofclothes.②cloth用来指“织物”时，为不可数名词。指“布块”时，是可数的，但注意它的复数形式是cloths,如：Wipethesurfacewithadampcloth.③clothing服装的总称，总是单数形式。指一件衣服用apieceof/anarticleofclothing.2.incident,accident,eventincident一般是经过策划，有蓄谋的事件,如西安事变（站在老蒋的立场，这字太合适了）还有如borderincident,也可以指小事,如偶遇什么人；accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident；event指较大的事，如你考取大学，对你是个event(尽管对别人无所谓);历史上的大事件，也多用event.3.deal,amount,numberamount/deal及其组合量词词组后接不可数名词，number及其组合后接可数名词anumberofstudents，注意：Largeamountofwaterwassenttothesmallvillage.Largeamountsofwaterweresenttothesmallvillage.4.family,house,homehome家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员.Myfamilyisahappyone.5.sound,voice,noisesound凡你听得到的声音就是它。voice人的嗓音。noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.6.photo,picture,drawing,paintingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture；drawing画的画，主要是线条形的，如工程图；painting指（如油彩类）绘画7.vocabulary,wordvocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词总量，word具体的单词：Hehasalargevocabulary.8.population,peoplepopulation人口，人数Chinahasalargepopulation.；people具体的人,民族TheChineseareagreatpeople.What’sthepopulationofyourcountry?Howlargeisthepopulationofyourcountry.9.weather,climateweather具体的天气状况，climate气候状况Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.10.road,street,path,wayroad具体的公路，马路。street街道。path小路，小径。way道路，做事情的“做法”//takethisroad；inthestreet；showmethewaytothemuseum.11.course,subjectcourse课程（课程表中的所有subject），subject科目（具体的学科）Mathisherbestsubject12.custom,habit①custom[c/u]即有时指“一种”风俗、习俗而有时指风俗的“统称”。thecustomofdoingsth.如thecustomofkissingundermistletoe；但它也可指个人的生活习惯，不过往往侧重指一种有规律的行为，而并非一个人那种无意识的“习惯”OnWednesdayevening,aswashiscustom,hewentdowntothevillage.②habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.13.cause,reasonthecause(s)of=...的原因；thecausef=...的理由；Thecauseoftheexplosionhasnotbeenexplained.Youhavenocauseforcomplaint.(=tocomplain.)汶川地震的（原因V）(理由X)是什么呢？WhatisthecauseoftheWenchuanearthquake?reason(s)forsth./doingsth.(做)...的理由thereasonforbeinglateCouldyouexplainyourreasonsforchoosingthisparticularcourse?forreasonsof...由于...的原因，出于什么的考虑14.exercise,exercises,practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数）。exercises作业,但做体操也是:gymnasticexercises体操，spellingexercises拼写练习。practice（遵循某理论或教导而做，有时是反复做的）练习Practicemakesperfect的15.class,lesson作课解时,两者大致可以替换amathematicsclass/lesson；aclass/lessoninmathematics都可以说.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class。如lesson6;class516.speech,talk,lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，但国际性的、围绕某问题举行的会谈也用talk,如六方会谈six-partytalk；lecture学术性的演讲，讲课alectureonDickens17.officer,officialofficer单独用指陆海空军官，警官；official主要指政府官员anarmyofficer/agovernmentofficial18.work,job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数agoodjob/outofajob/outofjobs/outofwork19.couple,paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers。夫妇多用couple(也可用pair)；合作伙伴多用pair/acoupleof几个20.country,nation,state,land①country侧重指版图，疆域；②nation指人民，国民，民族；③state侧重指政府，政体；④land国土，国家（有点诗意）ThewholenationwassadattheearthquakeofWenchuan.21.cook,cookercook厨师，cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.22.damage,damagesdamage不可数名词,损害，损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金$900damages23.police,policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.24.problem,question，issueproblem常和困难（故障）联系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise。question常和疑问联系，多和ask,answer连用。problemwiththemachine不太用of./issure实际=事务||environmentalproblem/issue意思不一样25.man,amanman人类，aman一个男人Manwillconquernature.man与mankind前都不用the26.chick,chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.Doyoulikedogs/dog?(喜欢狗/狗肉？)27.telegram,telegraphShallI______（打电话）ortelephone?telegram多作可数名词用，如：Hereceivedatelegramsayingthathismotherhaddied.而telegraph既能作名词又能作动词用，本题选telegraph。28.travel,trip,tour,journey,voyagetravel总称。trip注重办事，后接to如abusinesstriptoShanghai；tour注重游玩，后接of。journey指稍长的旅途。voyage指乘船的航行，如spacevoyage.29.sport,gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等Hisfavoritesportisswimming；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则30.price,prize，award,rewardprice价格Thepriceishigh/low.；prize（竞赛类）的奖，奖品，奖金winthefirstprize；award经评委选出的奖，但TheNobelPrize是个例外；给你老妈擦了地板之类，具体付出具体所得的奖赏，就是reward。31.anumberof,thenumberofanumberof许多，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof…这个数字…，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.32.infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof范围外的前面，inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontoftheclassroomstandsthestrictteacher.(教室内前)33.oftheday,ofadayoftheday每一天的，当时的，当代的，ofaday暂时的，不长久的afamousscientistoftheday34.threeofus,thethreeofusthreeofus我们（不止三个）中的三个，thethreeofus我们三个（就三个人）Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.35.bybus,onthebusbybus表手段，方式，不用冠词。onthebus表所乘具体的车辆，或表范围Theycamehereonthisbus.(bybusx)36.foramoment,forthemomentforamoment片刻，一会儿，forthemoment暂时，一时Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.37.nextyear,thenextyearnextyear将来时间状语，thenextyear过去将来时间状语（如常用于间接引语）Hewillcomeherenextyear./Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.38.morethanayear,morethanoneyearmorethanayear一年多，morethanoneyear超过一年（两年或三年等）39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advicetakeadvice征求意见，taketheadvice接受忠告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.40.takeair,taketheairtakeair传播，走漏，taketheair到户外去，散步Wetaketheaireveryday.41.inaword,inwords，inwordinaword总之，一句话Inaword,youareright；inwords=inword口头上(inpractice实践上)Heshouldbeafriendinpractice,notonlyinword/O