How-to-Write-an-Abstract(怎样写好英文摘要)

byMichaelContentⅠ.WhatisanAbstractⅡ.CriteriaofaGoodAbstractⅢ.TypesofAbstractⅣ.StepsofWritinganAbstractⅤ.DifferenceBetweenAbstractandIntroductionWhatisanAbstractAnabstractisasummaryofpointsofawritingpresentedinskeletalform,whichhighlightstheimportantinformationcoveredinanarticleorapaper.Ithelpsthereaderstofindoutquicklywhetherthewritingisoftheirinterestornot,andwhethertheyneedtoreadthewholepaperornot.Moreover,nationalorinternationalconferenceorganizersdecidewhetheraparticipantiseligibleornotusuallybyreviewingtheabstractsubmitted.CriteriaofaGoodAbstractAgoodabstractstatesclearly*thepurposeofthewriting,*themethodused,*thefindings,*theoriginality,*theimplication,*etc.CriteriaofaGoodAbstract1).Whatdoyouwanttodo?2).Howdidyoudoit?3).Whatresultsdidyougetorwhatconclusiondidyoudraw?4)Whatisoriginalinyourpaper?......criteriaofaGoodAbstractAgoodabstractshouldbe*accurate,*concise,*specific,*self-contained,*coherent.TypesofAbstractTherearethreemajortypesofabstracts:1.Descriptive(Indicative)Abstract2.Informative(Informational)Abstract3.Informational-IndicativeAbstractTypesofAbstractAdescriptiveorindicativeabstractpresentsthegeneralsubjectmatterofthepaper.Itaimsatintroducingtheresearchbriefly,soitdoesnotprovidespecificsoftheresearch.Ittendstobeshort.TypesofAbstractAninformativeabstracthighlightsthefindingsandresults.Itprovidessomeessentialdataoftheresearch.Therefore,ittendstobespecificandsometimesquantitative.TypesofAbstractAninformational-indicativeabstractisacombinationoftheabovetwotypes.Itincludesnotonlythegeneralinformationoftheresearchbutalsotheessentialdataofthefindingandresult.StepsofWritinganAbstract1.Drafttheabstractwhenyoufinishwritingthepaper,foryouhaveaclearerpictureofallyourideals,findingsetc.expressedinthepaper.2.Structuretheabstractinalmostthesameorderasyourpaper.StepsofWritinganAbstract*background*keysentence*methods*results*conclusionDifferenceBetweenAbstractandIntroductionAbstract:TheEssenceoftheWholepapreCoversthefollowingacademicelements:*Background*Purposeandfocus*Methods*Results*Conclusions*RecommendationsSummarizetheimportantinformationoftheaboveelements.DifferenceBetweenAbstractandIntroductionIntroduction:IntroducestheTopicofthePaperCoversthefollowingacademicelements:*Background*scope*Focus*Generalpuposeoftheresearch*Outlineofkeyissues/WritingarrangementIntroducethesubjectandforegroundsissuesfordiscussion.Thankyou！