外研版必修3--module-6语法

1非限制性定语从句和定语从句中的省略Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空1．TheYangtzeRiver，whichismorethan6,000kilometreslong，isthethirdlongestriverintheworld.2．SunYat­sen，whowastheleaderofthe1911Revolution，firstsuggestedtheideain1919.3．Hismother，who/whomheloveddearly，wentabroad.4．Thismachine，whichhehaslookedafterformanyyears，isstillworkingperfectly.5．Lucy，whoseparentshaddied，hadtomakealivingbyherself.Ⅱ.英译汉1．Theysetupastateoftheirown，wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.他们自己成立了一个州，在那里，他们可以随心所欲地将黑人们当奴隶。2．Theletterisfrommyyoungersister，whoisworkinginBeijing.这封信是我妹妹写来的，她在北京工作。3．Isawagoodfilm，whichwasabouttheLongMarch.我观看了一部好电影，是关于长征的。4．Hisdog，whichhelikedverymuch，diedyesterday.他非常喜爱的狗昨天死了。5．Hesuddenlyfellill，whichpreventedhimfromgoingtoschool.他突然生病了，这使得他无法去上学。一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句相比较，非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词作补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。1．引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who，whom和whose；指物时用which。Thisisourheadmaster，whoIthinkhassomethingimportanttotellyou.这是我们的校长，我认为他有重要的事情要告诉你。Myeldersisterhasbecomeadoctor，whichIwantedtobe.大姐成了一名医生，我原来也想做一名医生的。2．引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when和where。当先行词指时间时，关系副词用when；指地点时用where。ChaplinlivedthelastyearsofhislifeinSwitzerland，wherehewasburiedin1977.卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里。Helefthishometownin1992，whenhewasonly12yearsold.他于1992年离开家乡，当时他只有12岁。3．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句存在许多不同之处，主要有以下几点：(1)引导词不同：关系代词that，关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。(2)非限制性定语从句与主句关系不很密切，中间用逗号隔开，译成汉语时，通常译成两句话；而限制性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句话。Ihavetwoforeignteachers，bothofwhomarefromAmerica.我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。TheforeignteacherwhocomesfromAmericateachesusliterature.美国来的那位外教教我们文学。(3)非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分，均不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可省略。2Thisistheman(that/who/whom)wearetalkingabout.这正是我们正谈论的那个人。Thisistheman，whomwetalkedaboutjustnow.这就是那个人，我们刚才谈论过的。4．as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别。(1)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子。as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，还可放在主句之中有“像……一样，正如，正像”的意思。Asweallknow，hestudiesveryhard.(as作宾语)我们都知道他学习很用功。Asisknowntoall，heisthebeststudentinourclass.(as作主语)众所周知，他是我们班上最好的学生。Taiwan，asisknowntoall，isaninseparablepartofChina.(as作主语)大家都知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整句话的内容，也可指代某个词或词组，但是不能放于句首。Hewaslateforthemeeting，whichmadethechairmanveryangry.(which指代整个主句内容)他开会迟到了，主席为此非常生气。Iwanttobuythehouse，whichhasagarden.(which指代thehouse)我想买个有花园的房子。[题组训练1]单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)(1)Herdog，thatwhichwasnowveryold，waskilledbyacar.(2)WhichAsisknowntousall，smokingisharmfultoourhealth.(3)Thegirl，herwhosemotherdiedlastmonth，studiesveryhard.(4)Ihavetwobrothers，bothofthemwhomareteachers.(5)Aftergraduation，IdecidedtostayinGuangzhou，therewhereIspentallmychildhood.二、定语从句中的省略定语从句可以省略或简化，主要通过以下形式：1．省略作宾语的关系代词在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词有who(m)，which，that。在限制性定语从句中，当who(m)和that作宾语用于指人时可以互换使用，通常可以省略；当that和which作宾语用于指物时，两者也可以互换使用，也通常省略。Isthattheman(whom/who/that)yougaveyourticketto？(whom，who和that可以省略)那个是你把票给他的人吗？Isthattheaddress(which/that)yousentthetelegramto？(which和that可以省略)那是你发电报的地址吗？2．当先行词是way，且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系词用inwhich或that，也可以省略。如：Thatwastheway(inwhich/that)sheworkedtheproblemout.她就是用那种办法解决问题的。33．有时为了行文需要，定语从句中的关系代词和部分谓语动词可以省略。Thehouse(whichwas)damagedinthefirewillberebuiltsoon.大火中损坏的房子不久就要被翻修。Theplan(whichis)beingdiscussedisofgreatimportance.正在讨论的这个计划非常重要。注意：有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为分词。ThetrainthatleavesfromPlatform5goestoBeijing.→ThetrainleavingfromPlatform5goestoBeijing.第五站台开出的火车驶往北京。Yesterdaywehadameetingwhichlastedtwohours.→Yesterdaywehadameetinglastingtwohours.昨天我们举行了一个持续两小时的会议。[题组训练2](1)用定语从句改写句子中的划线部分①Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourteachingbuilding.Thebuildingwhichwasbuiltlastyearisourteachingbuilding.②Themanspeakingtoourteacherisadoctor.Themanwhoisspeakingtoourteacherisadoctor.③Theboyshelpedthepeoplehurtintheaccident.Theboyshelpedthepeoplewho/thatwerehurtintheaccident.(2)一句多译请告诉我你做工作的方式。①Pleasetellmethewaythatyoudidthejob.②Pleasetellmethewayinwhichyoudidthejob.③Pleasetellmethewayyoudidthejob.练习题：用适当的关系词填空1．ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid­1980s，whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter...2．SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，wholivedfromroughly551to479B．C....3．OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.4．Itisatrulydelightfulplace，whichlooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.5．Thenumberofsmokers，asisreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.6．Thebooksonthedesk，whosecoversareshiny，areprizesforus.7．Untilnow，wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren，whichisquiteunexpected.8．Ididn’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade，whenIwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.9．Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks，nearlyhalfofwhichwerepublishedinthe1990s.10．Thereisnosimpleanswer，asisoftenthecaseinscience.