低品位能源发电

兰州交通大学毕业设计（论文）I摘要近年来，由于能源利用效率低困扰着我国经济和社会发展，节能问题越来越受到社会各界的重视，同时各种节能新技术新设备大量涌现出来。低品位能源的有机工质双循环螺杆膨胀机余热回收发电技术就是一种新型的能量回收技术。通过理论分析计算和实验验证，对有机工质双循环螺杆膨胀机系统进行研究。首先根据工程热力学基本原理，分析了系统的基本运行原理，提出了系统运行可采用的两种方式:蒸汽动力循环和汽液两相循环方式；说明了确定系统各主要参数（包括换热器和冷凝器的温度压力参数、热负荷及系统冷却水量、发电功率等）的方法以及系统冷却方案的选择。最后，进行有机工质双循环螺杆膨胀机系统的实验初步设计。在设计过程中，进行实验设备的初步选型，了解主要实验设备的型号和技术参数，简单说明螺杆膨胀机性能的测试方法，为将来实际操作过程积累经验。通过对这种新型低品位能源回收技术的研究，已经说明了它在技术和经济上都是可行的。有机工质双循环螺杆膨胀机余热回收发电技术的研究成果，不仅为将来系统的实验研究提供了理论基础，考虑到中国的实际国情，它为提高我国的能源利用效率提出了一种新的解决方法，在工程应用上有重要意义。关键词：循环；螺杆膨胀机；有机工质兰州交通大学毕业设计（论文）IIABSTRACTInrecentyears,becauselowenergyusagepersecutesthedevelopmentofeconomyandsociety,peopleattachimportanttoenergyconservationproblemmoreandmore,andmanynewtechnologyandequipmentappear.Theorganicworkingfluidsbicirculatingscrewexpanderpowergenerationtechnologyofsurplusheatrecoveryisjustanewenergyrecoverytechnology.Organicworkingfluidsbicirculatingscrewexpandersystemisresearchedbytheoreticalanalysisandcomputersimulation.Firstly,basedonthebasicprinciplesofengineeringthermodynamics,thebasicoperationprinciplesofthissystemisanalysed,twoadoptablewaysofsystemoperationareputforward:vapourpowercyclewayandvapour-liquidtwo-phasecycleway;thenthemethodtodeterminethemainparameters(includedtemperature,pressureandheatingloadofevaporatorandcondenser,coolingwatermass,electricpowerandsoon)andthechoiceofsystemcoolingprogramareillustrated.Afterthat,ThepreliminarydesignexperimentsaredoneforOrganicworkingfluidsbicirculatingscrewexpandersystem.Inthedesignprocess，wehaveasimpleselectionaboutExperimentalequipmentsandgettoknowExperimentalequipmenttypeandtechnicalparameters.Itisnecessaryforspecifyingthetestmethodsofscrewexpander.Bytheresearchonthisnewsurplusheatrecoverytechnology,thethesishasapproveditsfeasibilityinbothtechnicalandeconomical.Itsresearchconclusionsnotonlysupplythetheoreticalbasisforthefutureexperimentalresearch,consideredthesituationofourcountry,itputsforwardanewsettlementtoincreaseenergyuseage,andsohasanimportantmeatinginengineeringapplication.Keywords:Cycle；Screw；expander；Organic；working兰州交通大学毕业设计（论文）III目录第一章绪论..............................................................................................................................11.1螺杆膨胀机..................................................................................................................11.2螺杆膨胀机技术国内外发展概况及现状.................................................................21.3螺杆膨胀机余热回收发电技术特点及应用领域简介..............................................31.4问题的提出..................................................................................................................61.5课题主要研究内容......................................................................................................7第二章有机工质双循环螺杆机系统原理..............................................................................82.1有机工质双循环螺杆机系统组成及特点..................................................................82.2有机工质蒸汽动力循环和有机工质汽液两相动力循环..........................................92.3确定系统各主要参数的方法...................................................................................102.3.1确定冷凝器的温度压力参数........................................................................112.3.2确定换热器的温度压力参数........................................................................122.3.3确定系统其余参数........................................................................................142.4计算实例....................................................................................................................16第三章实验系统初步设计....................................................................................................223.1实验系统概述...........................................................................................................223.1.1实验系统介绍................................................................................................223.1.2实验方法........................................................................................................223.1.3实验目的........................................................................................................233.2实验测量系统...........................................................................................................233.3实验测试方法...........................................................................................................26第四章系统的循环工质选择要求及经济和环保效益........................................................284.1低沸点工质的重要性...............................................................................................284.1.1低沸点工质介绍............................................................................................284.1.2系统对低沸点工质的基本要求....................................................................284.2效益分析...................................................................................................................294.2.1经济效益........................................................................................................294.2.2环保效益.................................................................................................