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国内图书分类号：Q93国际图书分类号：579学校代码：10213密级：公开理学硕士学位论文低温污水处理脱氮除磷复合菌群的选育硕士研究生：刘淑丽导师：李建政教授申请学位：理学硕士学科、专业：微生物学所在单位：市政环境工程学院答辩日期：2012年7月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:Q93U.D.C:579DissertationforaMaster’sDegreeinScienceACCLIMATIZATIONOFMULTIPLEMICROORGANISMSFORNITROGENANDPHOSPHORUSREMOVALINWASTEWATERATLOWTEMPERATURECandidate：Supervisor：AcademicDegreeAppliedfor：Specialty：LiuShuliProf.LiJianzhengMasterofScienceMicrobiologySchoolofMuni.&Env.EngJuly,2012Affiliation：DateofDefence：Degree-Conferring-Institution：HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学理学硕士学位论文摘要北方冬季气温低，污水处理效率低，导致氮磷排放达标困难，有针对性地开发低温污水处理技术及产品具有重要的意义。本文借助于低温（15℃）序批式反应器（SBR）的运行，通过不同的调控方式驯化培养硝化功能菌群、同步脱氮除磷功能菌群及反硝化聚磷功能菌群，并为进一步筛选脱氮除磷效果良好的菌株提供种泥来源，为开发基于强化脱氮除磷功能菌群作用的高效低温污水处理技术奠定基础。低温硝化功能菌群的驯化培养及其氨氧化潜能测试结果表明，在（15±1）℃下，好氧活性污泥经驯化可获得良好的氨氧化能力。在初始氨氮（NH4+-N）浓度为46mg/L左右时，其NH4+-N去除速率和亚硝态氮（NO2--N）生成速率分别可达54.26g/kg-MLSS·d和29.07g/kg-MLSS·d左右。菌群处理城镇污水的NH4+-N去除率可达85%以上，在初始NH4+-N浓度分别为91.01mg/L和163.37mg/L左右时，其最高NH4+-N去除速率分别可达52.54g/kg-MLSS·d和111.97g/kg-MLSS·d，具有处理高氨氮废水的潜力。该菌群中的硝酸菌比亚硝酸菌对pH更敏感，在初始pH为9.0和8.0时氨氧化速率和硝化速率最大；Na2CO3可以作为污泥驯化的良好的促进剂，低COD和一定的盐度可促进菌群的硝化效率的提高。通过厌氧-好氧-缺氧运行方式，可从常规活性污泥驯化出同步脱氮除磷功能菌群。该低温功能菌群在进水COD为400mg/L（C:N:P=200:20:2.5）条件下处理效果最佳，其NH4+-N、TN、TP、COD去除率分别可达98.80%、90.83%、85.80%和93.56%；当进水COD提高到500mg/L时，可引发体系污泥发生丝状菌膨胀。经厌氧-好氧和厌氧-缺氧的递进驯化，可在SBR中培养出低温反硝化聚磷功能菌群，在进水COD为200mg/L（C:N:P=200:15:2.5）条件下达到运行稳定时，体系的NH4+-N、TN、COD和TP去除率分别为97.62%、89.79%、94.12%和81.11%，均达到国家一级A排放标准。对三大功能菌群不同运行时期的污泥进行生物相和群落变化分析，不同时期体系内微生物种群优势菌属不同，与水质和调控条件的影响对应。从驯化稳定的反硝化聚磷功能菌群中分离鉴定出一株高效的脱氮除磷菌株J6，通过16SrRNA鉴定该菌株属于不动杆菌属（Acinetobactersp.）。关键词：低温；污水处理；脱氮除磷；SBR；功能菌群-I-哈尔滨工业大学理学硕士学位论文AbstractTheefficiencyofsewagetreatmentistoolowtomeetstandardsofnitrogenandphosphorusemissionsduetolowtemperatureduringwinterinnorthernChina.Soitissignificanttodeveloptechnologiesandproductsaboutlow-temperaturewastewatertreatment.Theaimoftheresearchwastoacclimatizenitrificationfunctionflora,simultaneousnitrogenandphosphorusremovalfunctionfloraanddenitrifyingphosphorusfunctionalflorabymeansofdifferentcontrolmethodsinasequencingbatchreactor(SBR)at15℃.Nitrogenandphosphorusremovalfunctionfloraswerestudiedforprovidingfoundationforseparatationofdenitrifyingphosphate-accumulatingorganismsfurtheranddevelopingenhancednitrogenandphosphorusremovaltechnologiesbasedonefficientlow-temperaturesewagetreatment.Theresultsinacclimatizinglow-temperaturenitrificationfunctionfloraandtestsofammoniaoxidationactivityshowedinoculatedactivatedsludgecouldobtainabetterammoniaoxidationactivityafteracclimatized,withaspecificammonianitrogen(NH4+-N)removalrateof54.26g/kg-MLSS·dandspecificnitritenitrogen(NO2--N)producingrateof29.07g/kg-MLSS·dataninitialNH4+-Nof46mg·L-1at15±1℃.TheNH4+-Nremovalwasachievedmorethan85%intheSBRwhentreatingurbansewage.Theacclimatizedactivatedsludgealsoillustratedabetterpotentialintreatinghighammonianitrogenwastewater.ThespecificNH4+-Nremovalratecouldreachat52.54g/kg-MLSS·dand111.97g/kg-MLSS·dintheSBRwhentheinitialNH4+-Nconcentrationswere91.01mg·L-1and163.37mg·L-1,respectively.Nitriteoxidizingbacteria(NOB)wasmoresensitivetopHthanAmmoniaoxidizingbacteria(AOB)inthefunctionflora.TheammoniaoxidationratewasthehighestataninitialpHof9.0andnitrationratewasthehighestataninitialpHof8.0.TheNa2CO3wasagoodcatalystinacclimatizingprocessofactivatedsludgeandthenitrificationefficiencyofacclimatizedactivatedsludgewasincreasedbylowconcentrationofCODandNaCl.Simultaneousnitrogenandphosphorusremovalfunctionflorawasobtainedfromconventionalactivatedsludgethroughoperationofanaerobic-aerobic-anoxicmode.Nitrogenandphosphorusremovalwashighest,withNH4+-Nremovalrate,TNremovalrate,TPremovalrateandCODremovalratewere98.80%,90.83%,85.80%and93.56%,respectivelyattheinfluentCODof400mg/L(C:N:P=200:20:2.5).PhenomenonofsludgebulkingappearedinSBRatinfluentCODof500mg/L.Denitrifyingphosphorusfunctionfloracouldbeculturedbytwostagesofanaerobic-aerobicandanaerobic-anoxicintheSBR,theNH4+-Nremovalrate,TNremovalrate,TPremovalrateandCODremovalratewere97.62%,89.79%,94.12%and81.11%,respectivelyatinfluentCODof200mg/L(C:N:P=200:20:2.5),meetingthenationallevelemissionstandardsofA.Biofaciesandmicrobialpopulationvariationof-II-哈尔滨工业大学理学硕士学位论文differentperiodsinthreefunctionflorawereinvestigated,correspondingtotheimpactofwaterqualityandregulatoryconditions.Adenitrifyingphosphate-accumulatingorganismsnamedStrainJ6wasisolatedfromlow-temperaturefunctionflora,whichbelongedtoAcinetobactersp.bymeansof16SrRNA.Keywords:lowtemperature,sewagetreatment,nitrogenandphosphorusremoval,SBR,functionflora-III-哈尔滨工业大学理学硕士学位论文目录摘要.....................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT..........................................................................................................................II目录..................................................................................................................................IV第1章绪论............................................................................................................