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全国2010年4月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题I.CAREFULREADINGReadthefollowingpassagescarefully.DecideonthebestanswerandwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.(40points,2pointseach)Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aheadtrackcoach,BillBowerman,designedapairoflightershoeswithbettersupportandgreaterstrengthandsentthedesigntoleadingsporting-goodscompanies.Theyallturnedhimdown.TherejectionsbroughtBowermanfacetofacewithhisownphilosophyof“competitiveresponse.”Hehadtaughthissportsmentovaluecompetitionnotsomuchforitsprizesasforitsintellectualandspiritualsatisfaction.Thiswastrueofhisdeterminationtomaketheshoeshimself.Hemadehisfirstpairoftrackshoeslightandgraceful.Hisrunnerswoninhishand-madeshoes.Butwhowouldliketomanufacturesuchshoes?In1962,Knight,oneofBowerman’ssportsmen,offeredtotraveltoJapanandcalledononeofJapan’sbestmanufacturersofsportsshoes.ThemanufacturerpromisedtoproduceshoesofhisdesignandKnight’scompanywouldbetheironlydistributorintheU.S.Ayearlater,ashipmentof200BowermanshoesarrivedinOregon.Atfirst,KnightandBowermanworkedwithasmallteamandwentsellingoutofcarsattrackmeets.Butslowly,therunningworldgottoknowthesecretoftheirproduct.Thenin1972,theJapanesecompanycutoffallsuppliestotheircompanyandestablishedaseparatedistributionnetworkintheU.S.In30daysKnightsucceededinfindinganewmanufacturer.Andtodaythecompanytakesthelargestshareintheshoebusiness.Youaskmethebrandnameoftheshoes?It’sNike,namedaftertheGreekGoddessofVictory.Bowerman,KnightandtheNiketeamhaveafirmbeliefthatasharedresponsibilityrequiresoutstandingindividualperformanceandawillingnesstocontributethatperformancetothegroup.1.ThenewtrackshoesdesignedbyBowerman______.A.helpeddevelophisteam’sathleticskillsB.helpedimprovehisrunners’performanceC.openeduptheJapanesesportsshoesmarketD.openeduptheAmericansportsshoesmarket2.Bowerman’sresponsetocompetitionisrelatedtosportsmen’s______.A.teamspiritB.spiritualneedsC.materialrewardsD.prizewinning3.Accordingtothepassage,Bowermanshoeswerefirstsoldby______.A.theshoemanufacturerinJapanB.Knight,BowermanandtheirteamC.aleadingsporting-goodscompanyinJapanD.aleadingsporting-goodscompanyinAmerica4.ThedifficultyKnightranintoin1972arosefrom______.A.therejectionoftheshoedesignB.thequalityproblemoftheshoesC.thecompetitionfromothercompaniesD.theJapanesecompany’snewdecision5.ThesuccessoftheNiketeamliesin______.A.themanufacturer’sphilosophyB.thefashionabledesignoftheshoesC.theircooperationwithaforeigncompanyD.theirindividualperformanceandteamworkPassage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Seventeenth-centuryhousesincolonialNorthAmericaweresimplestructuresthatwereprimarilyfunctional,carryingovertraditionaldesignsthatwentbacktotheMiddleAges.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.Aswealthincreased,moreandmorecolonistsbuiltfinehouses.Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefttocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.Thereareanastonishingnumberofthesehandbooksforbuildersincoloniallibraries,andthehouseserectedduringtheeighteenthcenturyshowtheirinfluence.Mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplayedawiderangeoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.Increasingwealththroughoutthecoloniesresultedinhousesofimproveddesign,whetherthematerialwaswood,stoneorbrick.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffireforcedpeopletousemoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaanditsneighboringareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.AnincreaseduseofbricksisnoticeableinVirginiaandMaryland,butwoodremainedthemostpopularmaterialeveninhousesbuiltbywealthylandowners.IntheCarolinas,eveninthecrowdedtownofCharleston,woodenhousesweremuchmorecommonthanbrickhouses.Eighteenth-centuryhousesshowedgreatinteriorimprovementsovertheirpredecessors.Windowsweremadelargerandshuttersremoved.Large,clearpanesreplacedthegrayglassoftheseventeenthcentury.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweresometimeselaboratelydecorated.Whitepaintbegantotaketheplaceofblue,yellow,greenandgraycolors,whichhadbeenpopularforwallsintheearlieryears.Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.6.Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.A.theimproveddesignofthe18thcenturycolonialhousesB.theroleofcarpentersinbuildingthe18thcenturyhousesC.thevarietiesofdecorationsusedinthe18thcenturyhousesD.acomparisonofthe18thcenturyhousesandmodernhouses7.Thoseresponsiblefordesigninghousesinthe18thcenturyNorthAmericawere______.A.customersB.carpentersC.interiordecoratorsD.professionalarchitects8.Stoneswerecommonlyusedtobuildhousesin______.A.VirginiaB.BostonC.CharlestonD.Pennsylvania9.Theword“predecessors”(para.4)refersto______.A.colonistsinthe17thcenturyB.woodenhousesinCharlestonC.housesbeforethe18thcenturyD.interiorimprovementsinhouses10.Itcanbeinferredfromthe4thparagraphthatbefore1