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111ChineseJournalofLiquidCrystalsandDisplaysVo.11,No.l19963Mar.,1996(),,.,.,,.,,.,,,(ACC),,,,,,,,,,.,,,1,,20,,,AQ,,,MBBASCB,()5,X,4.5,4.5,,,,,Ll,1,,A,B,,,Q,MOSc,19964311S*D,SSC,NS,,D1957D,CoHZn_10COOHNOZCN,,68,R-NO:,n1522D,TGB,1Table1Classifieationofliquiderystalsaaaaa(babbbbbbbIIIIISc/Se^^^CH(N.)))NNNNNSrSTTT/SSS^^^GJJJ5lSSSS(HexB)))HKKKG.J...LLL(B)))))H.K...EEEEEEEEEDDDDDBPPPPP1.2,,,,.22[ajTable2Transitionentropyandnumberofevent.ofphasetransitioninliquiderystals(J/mol)))CCCrLCCC63001170()00047999SSSno15552930427000014444CCC155510000427()0002lllAAA15552930126000012333NNN15558496300033888nNNN7046000016111CCCNNN709600002222AAANNN13046000011111AAAN4201930002666SSSSnooo220105600012999SSSoSooo2184()))67771.3XX,,XX,:X,,/..lXFig.1Thediffraetionpattern,oftypicalliquideryotalplae:(a)nematie(b)smeetieA(e)smeetieC(d)smeetieF22.1,,52.2:,,If,O~a;rJn.,S,,,EE~5.,2,2S1,2;411+1,12,,+1/6,2,,+1/2,+1/4:()S1/2,Sl,,S~3/2S2,S5/2.,S,2.3,2L,Ld(r)=b+Xr,b,b,2Fig.2ThebasieformsoftheVolterraprocess,(1)(2),(3)(46):(4);(5)(6)2.4,K,,~K22K33~K,F(,:)2,n:2~O,;qz+,;50+,,S,ZSS=1/25=l/23=lS=3/25=S=3/25=2S=5/23SFig.3TheplanardiselinationsinliquiderystalswithvariousstrengthrsZln()rcR,rc,,(),Stg(y/x)+Stg(z/x)+4,S~l,~0,;/2;,,,SS:52,S,+S:S,,,,mS,m4Sn,/m,;,O11\..1~-~.~..-.~~-.~.~~...........~.......-...~.....-~~,-~,.~,,~~.~.1!t4(a);(b)Thesehematieofwedge(a)andtwist(b)dielinationsinIiquiderystals\4,.,-/.F.1,20d,2;rS4/c,()s()Z(r)LP,,SFKL,L:L,L:,2.4.2,,,S,52,dF(s,+52)21,:()2src_.d,,l()S,-S:,S,,,,d,,,.,S,52,,.,,2.4.3:(h),,521,,()s:()rrc,,,;,2.4.4AS,(R)D,:(lS),SAD,S(lS)f~2K+-DS,;S,DD,,DD,DD.DR(1S)/,,;,,2.4.5(d)S,b,7f~KStg(,,,2.4.6,FKSZSR,n()q,,Sq,,Sg,RRIn(l/gr)/49,(S=l/2),;RR,,2.4.75,().A,d,,M+11F-,A~lerg/em,,K10dyn,db4KdbZK,,l=,-.~..{)~~_,..._~~..(a).~,=~~(e)........l..eewe..5(a)(b)()Fig.5ThesingularwallsinIiquiderystals/\-/2.4.8(R),Pofncorea:(a0),(0a/2),(a/2),(/2a),(a=)6,,,.,NS.K33/-,00JOq,1190()1351806FigPoincareThedeforversusPoimationenergyofPOneareeharaeteristieintdefeetsinliquiderystalsngle,.,.,,S1,ln(R/r)S~1,S1/2,S1,,2.4.9z~o,y,x,:{{r()2+4sin:()IJxjzJJ:5nZ,1()+:,o=tg:(z)W=K/AxCC,a=0;,,x=O,~2,y.ZW,,:+,A,,.2.4.10,,,fh,,(),();Brochardleger(,,),,33.1AAH(S,)=1,H:(S,)=2AZ:,H:(S,)=Z,H3(S,)=ZA,,,Z:,,Z.2,Z:H:(S,)Z,A()r():+Kll(D):,B.(K:,/B)uuUA73.1.1y,d,xy,u_,___d,ddq____,:___,z.lcF1,JZ66~l4d(12}),l,exP(~4}21IUnx,xZd~,.exp8lzlj!,X,;Z,_K1.bZK,,.bF+!n()22Zrt,/7A(a)(b)(cf)Fig.7Theedge(a)andserew(b)dilocations(ef)insmtieAphase3.1.2,b_u~LgJi,,(),,3.1.3,R:R:,;:,{(+dr,R,RZO;,R,R:0.,R~R,~RZ-0,F=8;rKIR,Din,F~2;rzK:R[ln(ZR/r)2,Din,F~K:,(l)Pln(a/rc)e,p,a,,8Dupin.:8,,Fig8Th,fOCalconicd,,.ineC,icpba.e3.1.4CC,,(Z),(Z)Z;(e,a,az,aa),Cn:(S),(P,a),p,Z,(P,a)!(,,)=(P+a(g),a)=(Pg,a)CC,CC,C,,C,,Cs^,C3.1.5CC,St,C,,(Z),d~b,C,tgP+z,,,,,(b,b/p),b,(b,b/p).bp.4,,n,qnXq,H0(ch)=1,H,(cll)6,H:(ch)~112n,,1969,FriedelKleman,:1.:q;2.:n;3.::nqQ(CC,C,CZC:)FriedelKleman:C:(Zn),r(Zn),(Zn)C:(Zn+l),r(Zn+l),(Zn+l)C,:(n+l/2)CZ:r(n+l/2)C::(n+1/2),,,,,A,:B~K22q,,K~3K33/8,,9,CanoCan,,,CanCan(Zy),,,,(Zd)P,PsdtgyqZ,nX,S1/2|.LrlJSC0,1,Lx,z)=tg.~l5inr21/:,x+zJtg,()rLl:9Fig9Thepairdefectsandcounrerparttexturesineholeteriepba6e5,,,,,Dupin,,,..,,,,Demus1,,,,,,l411,,,,.,EPSRC,[l,,1987,1,695[2jEtheringtonG,LeadbetterAJ,WangXJ,GrayGW,TajbakhohA,quCstal,,1986,1,209;ibid,1957,5,563[3]Demu:D,etal.,Aa,,Cstal:,1984,,l[4,,1986,z6,48[s,.1986,6,451[6]QianR,Chens,Songw,crewcrsyPo,ia,19as,96,ed.wangXinJiu.Huthig&weptverlag,27[7,,1985[8HobdellJ,WindelA,LiquCsta,1955,i,,01[9KlemaoM,FriedelJ,Phys,J,296,,20,43[10]mD,RiehterL,u,,ofiquc:ta,verlagehemie,1975STRUCTURES,DEFECTSANDTEXTURESOFLIQUIDCRYSTALSWangXiniiu(rator:ofLiquidCstalScinc&lcatio.Cl,g,ofche,i:t&ularE,ginoerngpeingn,rsity,&iji,9100871)AbstraCtThestruetures,defeetsandtexturesaretheassoeiatedtopiesintheliquiderystals.Thediseontinuityofthestrueturalsymmetryeausesdefeetsinliquiderystals.Theintegra-tionofdefeetseonstruetstexturesofliquiderystals.Inversely,thetextureobservation15anessentialmeaninthedeterminationofliquiderystalPhasestruetures.Thestruetures,defeetsandtextureswereaddressedinthisartielewhiehappliedthetopology,Volterraproeessandeontinuumelastieityofliquiderystals0analyzeliquiderys-talphases,struetures,anddefeetselassifieation,topologiealfeature,stability,energy,interaetionsbetweenthemselvesandwithenvironments,aswel!asthetextureobserva-Reeeived3APril19961:15tion.ThePoint,lineandwalldefeetsinthexiematie,eholesterieandsmeetie(suehassmee-tieACandC.)liquiderystalphaseswererespeetivelydealtwith,ineludingdisloeations,diselinationsanddisPirations.Keywordsliquiderystal,strueture,defeet,texture.