定语从句语法要点总结

先行词关系词在定语从句中的作用:从句介词宾语只能指人可引导限定性和非限定性定语从句who的前面不能与介词搭配使用先行词须是表示时间的名词只能指人关系副词when在定语从句中做时间状语whom在定语从句中不能作主语IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetyou.只能指物先行词一般是表示地点的名词可指单个名词,也可指短语甚至从句关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语可指人或物ThisisthetownwhereIspentmychildhood.不用在非限定性定语从句中表原因,先行词是reason等表原因的名词that的前面也不能与介词搭配使用只引导限制性定语从句可指人或物ThisisthereasonwhyIdidn'tcomehere.表所有关系,后面要接名词此处why=forwhich专有名词Mymother,whois50thisyear,liveswithmenow.普通名词用来表示类指,即表示某一类事物而非具体某一事物Anelephant,whichistheearth'slargestlandmammal,hasfewnaturalenemiesotherthanhumanbeings.翻译定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句定语从句所修饰的对象-that,anemotion还有一类句子,限制或非限制性定从都可以,但强调的意义不一样.不用逗号隔开whowhomwhichthat一般翻译成定语的形式,...的一般翻译成各种状语从句定语从句同位语从句在定语从句中充当成分,比如做从句的主语或宾语:名词+that+不完整的句子that在同位语从句中不充当任何成分:名词+that+完整的陈述句.Therumourthathespreadeverywhereturnedouttobeuntrue.TherumourthatTomwasathiefturnedouttobeuntrue.Thefood,whichwasn'tinthefridge,allwentoff.Thecabdriverswhoknewaboutthetrafficjamtookanotherroad.Thecabdrivers,whoknewaboutthetrafficjam,tookanotherroad.Thefoodwhichwasn'tinthefridgeallwentoff.后面宜跟非限制性定从的两类先行词不用逗号隔开对先行词提供必要的信息,以表明先行词的身份或性质,活用来限制先行词的范围.若去掉限制性定语从句,则主句部分的含义不明确,句意不完整.提供附加的而非必要的信息,只是对先行词做进一步的解释,补充或说明.若去掉此定语从句,整个主句的句意一样明确,不会引起误解和歧义.英语习惯:作宾语的关系词可省略关系代词关系副词限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句:whenwherewhywhose主语Beautymeansthistooneandthattotheother.Andyetwhenanyoneofushasseenthatwhichtohimisbeautifulhehasknownanemotionwhichisineverycasethesameinkind.关系词重复指代先行词,起连接主句与从句的作用,并在从句中充当一定成分-which从句谓语动词宾语最好用that的情况:1,先行词中同时出现人和物是,用that2,先行词为指物的all,little,few,much,none和thefirst时,用that3,先行词室不定代词something,anything,nothing和everything时,用that4,先行词被any,only,all,every,no,some,much,few,little,序数词,形容词的最高级,theonly,theone,thevery,theright和thelast等成分修饰时,用that