旅游英语6093604945

TourismEnglish---旅游英语BriefIntroductionofTourismEnglish作为世界文明古国之一的中国，有着悠久的文化历史传统。祖国的人文历史、民族风情、山水名胜等得天独厚的条件吸引着来自世界各地的旅游爱好者。旅游业已成为我国主要的支柱产业之一。涉外导游和旅游业管理人员已成为我国急需的人才。作为专业的旅游英语人才，将有广阔的发展前景。Aswewillgraduatefromcollegenextyear,manyofstudentsmaywanttobeatourguide.ThenIwanttointroducetourguideinchina.涉外导游Wecalltourguideforforeigners“涉外导游”.涉外导游是一个需要知识、技能、公关和管理等综合能力的职业。指有业务可出国的本国导游，需要考试通过才可出国！HowtogettouristcertificateinChina?报名条件与要求遵守宪法，热爱祖国，坚持四项基本原则，具有高级中学、中等专业学校或者以上学历，身体健康，具有适应导游需要的知识和语言表达能力的中华人民共和国公民。Contentoftheexam考试内容一、导游综合知识：为笔试主要内容为：（1）【旅游方针政策与法规及每年的时事政治】（2）【导游业务】（含旅游案例分析）（3）【全国导游基础知识】和【地方导游基础】（4）【汉语言文学基础】（北京与湖南的考生须考）（（5）【导游外语】（外语类考生须考，国语类考生不用考）二、导游服务能力：为现场考试，即口试，主要内容为：（1）【导游讲解能力】（2）【导游规范服务能力】；（3）【导游特殊问题处理及应变能力】外语类考生须用所报考语种的语言进行导游服务能力一科考试，并加试口译（中译外和外译中）。DefinitionoftourismThetouristmovementofplacetodestinationsawayfromtheirhome,theactivitiesentereduponduringtheirstayinthosedestinationsandthefacilitiesdevelopedtoprovidefortheirrequirements/needs.Classificationoftourism1.InternationaltourismInbound,Outbound,Cross-border2.Internaltourism(domestictourism)PurposesoftravelOnbusinessattendaconferenceInspectionsVisitfriendsorrelativesTravelforseekingknowledgeWanttoseeIndiabecauseoftheculture.Ifyounevergoanywhere,yoursphereoflifeisquietlimited.NatureoftourismTourismis,therefore,asocialandculturalphenomenon.Tourismindustrycanbecharacterizedbyamixtureofdifferenttrades,organizationsandactivities.Tourism-relatedindustriesFoodindustriesFood&Beverage:Notonlyprovidebasicsustenancefortouristsbutanimportantfactorintheoveralltourismexperience.TransportationStagecoach(1500A.D.)InventedinHungary.Railroads(1825)FirstpassengertrainwasinEngland.Boats&Ships(early400B.C.,butfirstoceanliner1840)Auto(1908)HenryFord'sModelTAirTravel(1919)ThehotelindustryCommercialhotelsLuxuryhotelsResorthotelsIn-citymotelsBudgetmotelsUpper-classtouristsStudentsandbudgettravelersBusinesspeopleormiddle-classtouristsDrivingtravelerswhowanttovisitsomecentralcityattractionsTourismEnglishTranslation包括旅游景点介绍，旅游宣传广告，旅游告示标牌，民俗风情画册，古迹对联解说，等等。FunctionsofTourismTranslation旅游翻译的两个目的传递信息（informative）/诱导行动（appellative)旅游翻译注重的应是原文与译文间信息内容和文体功能的对等，而不是语言形式上的对应，更不是展示原语言文化异质性的场所。这类功能的核心在于“读者层”，使读者“完全不觉得在读译文”为了实现译文的功能，译者有理由对某些原文信息进行调整和改写。（Inordertobefunctionalthispartofthetextwouldrequireafairamountofrewriting)!MainPrinciples旅游文体是文化历史社会信息的高度浓缩，翻译中往往为适合读者的需要增加或删减信息。汉语往往融情于景，注重言辞华美，句式工整，用夸张，排比，对偶，比喻等等手法（说明文体除外）。英文倾向物我分离，写实，具体，客观情形的再现。汉译英的过程中要向英文的风格靠拢。最忌“对号入座”，死译硬译。例：杭州是中国著名的六大古都之一，已有二千多年的历史。杭州不仅以自然美景闻名于世，而且有着传统文化的魅力。不仅有历代文人墨客的题咏，而且有美味佳肴和漂亮的工艺品。可以直译的介绍性广告OneofChina’ssixancientcapitalcities,Hangzhouhasahistoryofmorethan2,000years.Itisfamousnotonlyforitsnaturalbeautybutalsoforitsculturaltraditions.Apartfromalargenumberofpoemsandinscriptionsinitspraiseleftbehindbyscholarsandmenoflettersthroughthecenturies,italsoboastsdeliciousfoodandprettyhandicrafts.例：（于是舟子导往）。村在两山夹道中。园依山而无石，老树多极纡回盘郁之势。亭榭窗栏尽从朴素，竹篱茅舍，不愧隐者之居。中有皂荚亭，树大可两抱。余所历园亭，此为第一。-----《浮生六记》第四章Thevillagestoodonapathbetweentwohills.Thegardensituatedonahillsidebutdevoidofallrocks;ontheotherhand,therearemanyoldtreeswithwindingbranchesofgreatstrengthandbeauty.Thepavilions,watershed,windowsandrailingsweredesignedinaverysimplestyleandtherewerebamboofencesandhay-thatchedmudcottages,aswasbecomingtheresidenceofarecluse.Inthecentertherewasapavilionwithahoney-locusttree,abouttwofathomsincircumferencenearby.OfallgardensIhaveseen,Iconsiderthisthebest.----林语堂译WelcometoGrandCanyonNationalPark.Apowerfulandinspiringlandscape，theGrandCanyonoverwhelmsoursensesthroughitsimmensesize；277rivermiles(446km)long，upto18miles(29km)wide，andamile(1.6km)deep.EnglishScenicSpotsIntroductionTinyislandsarestrungaroundtheedgeofthepeninsulalikeapearlnecklace.Hunksofcoralreef,coconutpalmsandfinewhitesand.(写实）EnglishScenicSpotsIntroductionAfascinatingcitybetweenseaandsky,likeVenusrisingfromthewaves,Venicewelcomestouristsfromthefivecontinentsdrawntoherbythecharmofherwaterandpellucidlight,freefromalldustandcooledbytheseabreeze.英文景点介绍风格一瞥改写（Rewrite):以保证译文的流畅通达为首要目的这里三千座奇峰拔地而起，形态各异，有的似玉柱神鞭，立地顶天；有的象铜墙铁壁，巍然矗立；有的如晃板垒卵；有的若盆景古董，玲珑剔透……神奇而又真实,迷离而又实在,不是艺术创造胜似艺术创造,令人叹为观止。Firstversion:Threethousandcragsriseinvariousshapes.Theyarelikewhipsorpillarsproppingthesky;orhugewalls,solidandsound;orimmerseeggspiledonanunsteadyboarder;orminiaturerockyorcurios…Fantasticbutactual,dreamybutreal!Theyarenotartisticworks,butmoreexquisitethanartisticworks.OncecannothelpmarvelingattheacmeofperfectionofNature’screation.Secondversion:Threethousandcragsriseinvariousshapes—pillars,columns,walls,shakyeggstacksandpottedlandscapes…conjuringupunforgettablyfantasticimages.满树金花，芳香四溢的金桂；华白如雪，香气扑鼻的银桂；红里透黄，花多味浓的紫砂桂；花色似银，季季有花的四季桂；竞相开放，争妍媲美。进入桂林公园，阵阵桂香扑鼻而来。(TheparkofSweetOsmanthusisnotedforitsprofusionofOsmanthustrees.)Flowersfromthesetreesindifferentcolorsareinfullbloom,whichpervadethewholegardenwiththefragranceoftheirblossoms.她（黄河）奔腾不息，勇往直前，忽而惊涛裂岸，势不可挡，使群山动容；忽而安如处子，风平浪静，波光潋滟，气象万千。Ittearsandboilsalongturbulentlythroughthemountainsand,atsomeplace,flows