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1.Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”，thefilmhasneverbeen，inthefullsenseoftheword，silent．（1）though:尽管∕虽然···但是(2)Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingof倒装语句，正常为，thoughweareAccustomedtospeakingof···（3）hasneverbeen从未，从来就不不是，从来thefilmhasneverbeensilent．是主系表结构，不是主谓宾结构。Hehasneverbeenhere.他不曾来过hasneverbeendefeated从未输过HasNeverBeenOpened从来没有被打开HasNeverBeenBeyond从未被超越hadnever\havenever这2个其实是同样的意思，只不过一个是过去式，一个是现在式Ihadneverseenherbefore.IhaveneverbeentoAmerica.Theenemyweredeterminedtowipethetownoffthemapasifithadneverbeen.敌人下决心要将这座城市从地图的抹掉,就好像它从不存在一样。Hehadneverbeen他从来没有去过Ihadneverbeentherebefore.我以前从来没到过那里。asneverbefore前所未有地、史无前例asyouneverhearbefore随着从来没听过的频率Beflourishingasneverbefore空前繁荣Toliveasneverbefore重获新生般的活着Inthissense,wehavetheviruscorneredasneverbefore.在这层意义上，我们已经前所未有地把该病毒逼到了绝境。（4）inthefullsenseof完整意义上的，全部意义上的Ithasbeenalong-cherishedidealofmankindtoenjoyhumanrightsinthefullsenseoftheterm。享有充分的人权，是长期以来人类追求的理想。long-cherished被长期渴望的2.IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic(苏格拉底)wayaboutmoralproblems.(1)在who引导的定语从句中，who为主语，hasslected为谓语，theactivity为宾语。Of···为介词短语作定语。As···为状语，前置了。(2)defineas:解释为，定义为DictionariesDefineBlindnessAs字典定义失明为definesthassth显示的特征DefineasLuminaire定义为光源Definethebuttonasopen定义这个打开按钮(3)primarydutyandpleasureinlife人生的主要任务和乐趣。Primarya主要的，初级的，基本的。n原色，最主要者。3.Theprogressofsciencedependsuponmanyfactos,andnotleastamongtheseistheexistenceofsatisfactoryarrangementsfortherapidexchangeofnewideasandexperimentalresultsbetweenresearchworkershavingsimilarinterest.(1)并列平行结构，后一句中有倒装。（2）notleastamongtheseistheexistence主系表结构倒装了。(3)notleast：尤其，相当重要地especially/notablyAllthisiswelcome—notleastbecausetheslumphasbeenmadesomuchworsebypanicanddespair.所有这些都是受欢迎的，尤其是因为恐慌和绝望如此严重地加剧了经济衰退。Theyhavebeenthesubjectsofintenseresearchforoverhalfacentury,notleastbecauseoftheroletheyhaveplayedinoursurvivalasaspecies.它们成为热点研究主题已逾半个世纪，尤其缘于这几大情绪在我们人类这个物种的生存中起着至关重要的作用。nottheleast丝毫不至少Thishasseveraladvantages,nottheleastofwhichisthatyoucanconcentrateonwritingcoderatherthanattendingtotherepetitivework.这有几方面的好处，至少可以把精力集中到编写代码上，而不必再重复性的工作中浪费精神。Thelast,butcertainlynottheleasttraitofagreatengineerisasolidfoundation.最后，但肯定不是优秀工程师最不重要的特质就是：扎实的基础。NotTheLeastConcerned毫不相干Lastyetnottheleast末了HavingNotTheLeastClue端倪毫无Havenottheleastidea完全不知4.Dullasastudentmaybe，anddifficultasasubjectmayseemtobeatfirstsight，hewillfindthestudybecomeeasieroratleastlessdifficult，ifhecanpersevereanddoesnotneglectit.（1）这个句子的难点是as的用法，在as引导的让步状语从句中要用倒装顺序。dullasastudentmaybe＝thoughastudentmaybedull；difficultasasubjectmayseemtobeatfirstsight＝thoughasubjectmayseemtobedifficultatfirstsight。译文：即使学生不聪明，功课最初看起来很难，如果他能坚持不懈，努力去做的话，他就会感到学习越来越容易，至少不会那样难了。5.Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeen,hadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.（1）本句中hadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances属于部分倒装。正常语序为：ifhehadgrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances。在正式文体中，可以将虚拟条件句中的if省略，并将助动词提前。（2）compensatefor，赔偿，补偿，compensatesbforsth赔偿makegood/indemnifyforcompensateopening补偿孔;弥补孔compensatecoils补偿线圈Inertiacompensate惯量补偿参数（3）grosssocialinequality明显的社会不公Thereisgrossinequalitybetweentherichandthepoor.贫富之间存在明显的不平等现象。grossloss毛损;亏损总额;总损失grosspower总功率;整机功率;净功率grosstonnage总吨位;注册吨;grossnegligence重大过失;严重疏忽grossamount毛额;总额;;总量grosserrors重大错误;失误差grossexpenses开支总额;总开支Thecompanywasguiltyofgrossnegligence.该公司犯了重大的失职罪。Fundingofeducationhadbeengrosslyinadequateforyears.多年来教育资金严重不足。HeabusedtheAdmiralinthegrossestterms.他用最粗俗的字眼辱骂那位海军上将。（4）anunderprivilegedyoungster一个贫困的，地位低下的年轻人。adj.贫困的；被剥夺基本权力的；社会地位低下的underprivilegedgroup贫困阶层underprivilegedpreschooler弱势学龄期儿童underprivilegedhome贫困家庭underprivilegedclass弱势阶层;下层社会underprivilegedgroups弱势群体underprivilegedchildren贫困儿童underprivilegedStudents贫困生（5）favorablecircumstances.有利的环境Specieshavealwaysmovedaround,takingadvantageofhappenstanceorfavorablecircumstances.生物物种总是会利用偶然的机会或者是适宜的环境四处散布。favorablebalance顺差;贸易顺差;有利差额;Favorableprice优惠价格,优惠价,令人满意的价格favorableprognosis预后良好favorableopposition大冲Favorableevaluation赞许的评价;favorablehabitat良好的栖息地;有利的栖息地favorablecurrent顺流Morefavorable更有利（6）mighthavebeen通常用于虚拟语气，表示假设可能已经发生的，或猜测可能已经发生的事情.It'snevertoolatetobewhoyoumighthavebeen.亡羊补牢，为时不晚。mightbe和mayhavebeen的区别？might/maybe代表现在的事情例如Thenewsmay/mightbetrue.这消息可能是真的完成式may/mighthavebeen代表过去的事情例如Hemay/mighthavebeenthere.他之前/以前可能在那里mightdo和mayhavedone同等上面意思一个是现在式一个是过去式mighthavedone与mighthavebeendone的区别这两个都是虚拟语气。区别在于第一个是主动语态，第二个是被动语态。第一个，mighthavedone表示本来可以做某事(实际上没有做)。是主动语态。例如:Youmighthavedoneyourhomeworkmorequickly。你本可以更快的做家庭作业的(其实没有)第二个:mighthavebeendone表示...本来可以被做(实际上没有)。是被动语态。例如:Yourhomeworkmighthavebeendonemorequickly.。你的家庭作业本可以更快被做的(其实没有)。6.Soinvolvedwiththeircomputersdothechildrenbecomethatleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhavetoforcethemtobreakforsportsandgames.(1)这是一个倒装结构，强调so引导的从句，所以助动词前移：Soinvolvedwiththeircomputersdothechildrenbecome，该句的动词是become，用do协助倒装。原句是：Thechildrenbecomesoinvolvedwiththeircomputersthatleadersatsummercomputercampso