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二、命题人到底怎么设题？我在发送给大家邮箱的《任务型阅读基本技能讲练十五讲与练》中具体意见列出来了。（如何得到此文件，见文末）1）从短语转换入手做此类题首先要理解题意，其次仔细比较原句和题目，明白出题人的意图，只要找出题眼就不难得出答案。1.原文：Ihopethenewpolicycanfreethestudentsfromtheirpilesofhomeworktomakethemhaveagoodholiday.转换成表格中：Ihopethenewpolicycan_____thestudentsofftheirpilesofhomeworktomakethemhaveagoodholiday.分析：首先要将原文句意理解透彻，题意为：其次分析出题人的意图，找出题眼，本题是如何将题眼freethestudentsfrom转换为_____thestudentsof。答案为：relieve.2.原文：ThereisnodoubtthatherfluentFrenchgiveshercertainadvantagesoverotherstudentsinherclass.转换成表格中：Thereisnodoubtthatsheis______toothersbecauseherfluentFrenchstandsoutinherclass.分析：本题题意不难理解，即：她流利的法语使她比其他人有优势。出题人的意图是：giveshercertainadvantagesover=be____?___toothers.答案为：superior3.原文：Don’tworry,I'llstayhereandkeepyoucompanythewholeday.转换成表格中：Don’tworry,I’llstayhereand______youthewholeday.分析：很容易看出本题的意图：keepyoucompany=____?___.答案为：accompany2）从同义、反义入手对所给的短语或单词，在空中用与之相反或相近的词或短语来表达。例如：1.原文：Whydoesn’tthemediapresentapositiveviewofthissplendidcity?转换成表格中：Whydoesthemediapresentsucha_______viewofthissplendidcity?分析：抓住关键词positive，由题意知应该将它转换成反义词。答案为negative。2.原文：Generally,herworkhasbeengood,butthisessayishardtounderstand.转换成表格中：Ingeneralherworkhasbeengood,butthisessayishardtounderstand.分析：关键是考虑如何转换generally为in______。答案为：general。3）从词语释义入手对所给的词语释义，在空中用相应的词或短语来表达。首先要理解头原句的意思，充分发挥合理的想象。例如：1.原文：Passengersarerequestedtoleavetheaircraftbytheemergencydoors.转换成表格中：Passengersarerequestedto________fromtheaircraftbytheemergencydoors.分析：题目的关键是解决：_______fromtheaircraft=leavetheaircraft。最佳答案为：exit。2.原文：Duringcertainscenesoftheplaythereisn'tanyscriptandtheactorsjustmakeitupastheyperformit.转换成表格中：Duringcertainscenesoftheplaythereisn'tanyscriptandtheactorsjust_______.分析：题目的关键是解决是：_______=makeitupastheyperformit。最佳答案为：improvise。4）从词性转换入手即将一种词类转换成另一种词类，主要包括动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换。解题方法很简单，只要在文中找到关键词即可。例如：1.Keepinmindthatexposureofthebodytostrongsunlightcanbeharmful.转换成：Becarefulthatitcanbeharmfulwhenyourbodyis_______tostrongsunlight.分析：抓住关键词exposure，将它转换为动词的被动语态。答案为exposed。2.Itwasnotprofitableforyouwithinthefirstcoupleofyearsofsettingupacompany.转换成：Youdon'texpecttomakemuch______withinthefirstcoupleofyearsofsettingupacompany.分析：抓住关键词profitable，将此形容词转换为名词，答案为：profit。3.Muchofthebook’shumourisnolongereffectivewhentranslated.转换成：Muchofthebook'shumourhasbeenlostin_______.分析：抓住关键词translate，将此动词转换成名词。答案为：translation。5）从归纳概括入手。根据考纲要求，此项能力具体指“根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容”。解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征有：概括性，在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息；针对性，量体裁衣，大小适度；醒目性，简洁。常见概括性词有：原因：reason,cause；结果：result,effect；目的：aim,purpose；方法：measure,solution,way,method；观点：opinion,view,attitude；异同：differences,similarities；优劣：advantages,disadvantages；其它：time,purpose,behavior,feeling。1.原文：Thenhowtosolvetheproblems?…Therearenumerousways…转换成表格中：_______totheproblem.(2009，湖南卷)分析：原文中此段的核心句是第一句：Thenhowtosolvetheproblems?最佳答案为：Solutions。2.原文：Whateverthetaskyourgroupisassigned,afewrulesneedtobefollowedtoensureaproductiveandsuccessfulexperience…Whatcomesfirstisto...Secondly,...Thirdly,...转换成表格中的一个词：________.(2008，江苏卷)分析：由first,secondly,thirdly等知这里是讲建议措施。最佳答案为：Suggestions。3.原文：Butthissystemcandoagreatdealofgood…theycancutheatloss…greenroofscancontroltemperature.转换成表格中的一个词：________.(2008，湖南卷)分析：由doagreatdealofgood以及后文的theycan...等，知此段讲的的系统的好处。最佳答案为：Benefits或Advantages。三、解题策略第一步：看表初填词这一步非常重要，不用看文章。而且看表格后能至少解决三题。这是笔者总结很多题发现的规律。第二步：定位细转换这个定位一般都是找比较特别的词；如果找不到，请先根据下一题定位，基本就在这题定位句上面。转换的时候，请务必注意形式。四、实战南京市、盐城市2015届高三年级第一次模拟考试第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)SimonSinekisnaturallyshyanddoesn’tlikespeakingtocrowds.Atparties,hesayshehidesaloneinthecornerordoesn’tevenshowupinthefirstplace.Heprefersthelatter.Yet,withsome22millionvideoviewsunderhisbelt,theoptimisticethnographeralsohappenstobethethirdmost-watchedTEDTalkspresenterofalltime.Sinek’sunlikelysuccessasbothaninspirationalspeakerandabestsellingauthorisn’tjustdumbluck.It’stheresultoffearsfacedanderased,trialanderrorandtirelesspractice,onandoffstage.Herearehissecretsfordeliveringspeechesthatinspire,informandentertain.Don’ttalkrightaway.Sineksaysyoushouldnevertalkasyouwalkoutonstage.“Alotofpeoplestarttalkingrightaway,andit’soutofnerves,”Sineksays.“Thatcommunicatesalittlebitofinsecurityandfear.”Instead,quietlywalkoutonstage.Thentakeadeepbreath,findyourplace,waitafewsecondsandbegin.“Iknowitsoundslongandtediousanditfeelsexcruciatinglyawkwardwhenyoudoit,”Sineksays,“butitshowstheaudienceyou’retotallyconfidentandinchargeofthesituation.”Showuptogive,nottotake.Oftenpeoplegivepresentationstosellproductsorideas,togetpeopletofollowthemonsocialmedia,buytheirbooksorevenjusttolikethem.Sinekcallsthesekindsofspeakers“takers,”andhesaysaudiencescanseethroughthesepeoplerightaway.And,whentheydo,theydisengage.“Wearehighlysocialanimals,”saysSinek.“Evenatadistanceonstage,wecantellifyou’reagiverorataker,andpeoplearemorelikelytotrustagiver—aspeakerthatgivesthemvalue,thatteachesthemsomethingnew,thatinspiresthem—thanataker.”Speakunusuallyslowly.Whenyougetnervous,it’snotjustyourheartbeatthatquickens.Yourwordsalsotendtospeedup.LuckilySineksaysaudiencesaremorepatientandforgivingthanweknow.“Theywantyoutosucceedupthe