仿生材料论文

JIANGSUUNIVERSITY仿生材料及仿生原理结课论文ResearchProgressofBiomimeticMaterials学院名称：材料科学与工程学院专业班级：高分子1201学生姓名：学号：31207050指导教师姓名：2015年12月ResearchProgressofBiomimeticMaterialsAbstract:The“biomimeticmaterialsscience”formedbytheintersectionoflifescienceandmaterialsciencehasgreattheoreticalandpracticalsignificance.Biomimeticmaterialssciencetakesmaterialformationandstructureastarget,considersartificialmaterialattheviewofbiomaterial,exploringthemanufactureanddesignofmaterialfromtheangleofbiologicalfunction.Atpresent,thepopissueonbiomimeticmaterialsscienceincludespidersilkbiomimeticmaterial,shellbiomimeticmaterial,bonebiomimeticmaterialandsoon.Theyhavetheirownspecialformationstyle,micro-structuralcharacteristics,andbio-mechanicalproperties.Thebionicsmaterialarebecomingnewstudydomainofthematerialsubject.Thestatusintroducecertainresearchsurveyedanddiscussitsprospect.Keywords:biomimeticmaterial,mechanism,application,trends1Introduction:After20yearsofselection,evolution,runninginandaccumulation,theformat-ionofthemicrocomposite,themacrostructureissoperfectthatthetraditionalmaterialscannotreach.Inallareasofmodernlife,bionicsandbiomimeticmaterialsplaysahugerole.Thedevelopmentofhumancivilizationandthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyofmaterialsarecloselyrelated.Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofrelateddisciplinesandtheprogressofmoderntechnology,bionicmaterialshavebeendevelopedrapidly.Theresultswerewidelyusedinaviationmaterials,biomedicalmaterials,textilematerialsandsoon.Biomimeticmaterialssciencetoclarifythestructureandformationprocessofbiologicalmaterialsasthegoal,withbiologicalmaterialstoconsidertheideaofartificialmaterials,fromtheperspectiveofbiologicalfunctiontoconsiderthematerialdesignandproduction[1].Biomimeticmaterialsscienceisanimportantbranchofbionics,referstofromthemolecularlevelstudyofthestructuralcharacteristicsofthebiologicalmaterial,structure-activityrelationship,leadingtothediscoveryofanewscienceofthesimilarorbetterthantheoriginalbiologicalmaterial,chemistry,materialsscience,biology,physicsandotherdisciplinescross.Biomimeticmaterialsareexpectedtoobtainhighefficiency,lowenergyconsumption,lowenergyconsumption,environmentharmonyandfastintelligentstrainbythestructureandfunctionofthestructure,suchasartificialenamel,hightoughnessceramics,artificialbonematerial,biomimeticartificialfibers[2].Imitationofnaturalanimalandplantspecificfunctionandintelligentresponse,thedevelopmentofandbiologicalsimilarityorbeyondtheexistingbiologicalfunctionofartificialmaterials,suchaslotusleafselfcleaningmaterials,liketheshark'sselflubricatingmaterial,inthegenetransformationofthecellsintheefficientsynthesisofchiralmoleculesandmacro-molecules[3].2Mechanismandapplicationofbiomimeticmaterials2.1BiomimeticmaterialsofspidersilkSpidersilkpossessesaremarkablyhightensilestrength(thestrainatfailurecanexceed1,600%)[4],whichaimstoquicklycatchinsectsinwebs.Thebehaviorofsilkfiberscomesfromtheunfoldingofitsconstitutiveproteinsandtothetransferofloadtoproteinnanocrystalsembeddedinthedisorderedmatrix.Thepropertiesofeverysilkthreadaredesiredbypartsofeachcomponent,aswellasbytheentanglementofthefibers[5].Obviously,silkisanoutstandingmaterialthatcanserveasaninspirationtoproducelighterandstrongercables,textiles,orprotectiveclothing.Inthe1990s,alargepowerhasbeenspenttotheresearchworkinAmerica,andmanyimportantresultshavebeenachieved.AscholarofCornelluniversityhavediscoveredthat,glycineandalanine,thebuildingblocksofaminoacidofsilk,isassociatedwiththeincrediblestrengthofspidersilk.Researchshowsthat:Itisthestiffnessofthespidersilkleadingitsuitableformakingadvancedbodyarmor.Nowthearmourismadeof13KELVARIIlayer,butthetoughnessofspidersilkis3timesofKELVARII[6].Itssuperabilityofelongationmakeitabsorbmoreenergywhenbroken,whicheffectivelyslowdowntheprojectileintheory.In1997,proteinsequenceofspidersilkhasbeenfoundbyacompanynamedDupontinCanada.Andtheyacquiredthecodeofproteinsofspidersilk,detectedthewholegenesandmadefiberbyusingatechnologywhichissimilartospin.CanadianscientistssucceededputsyntheticSpiderproteingenesintomammaryglandcellsofagoat,developingthelatesttechnologyofimitatingspinandanewfiberofanimals.Fabricsmadebythiskindofproteinfiberhasagoodstrengthandelasticityandknownas“bio-steel”.2.2BiomimeticmaterialsofnacreInordertoprotectmollusksfromwater-carrieddebrisandpredators,theshellsoforganismslikethewater-carrieddebrisorabalonehaveevolvedintoastiffandimpactresistantmaterialnamednacreormotherofpearl.Athightensilestress,thecrystaltabletsisgoingtoslideononeanotherandtheorganiclayerisgoingtosufferviscoplasticdeformation,makingnacretowithstandstretchanddissipateenergy.Fabricationtechniquessuchashot-pressassistedslipcasting,freezecasting,extrusionandrollcompaction,paper-makingmethodandlayer-by-layerself-assemblyhavesuccessfullyyieldedmaterialsthatmimicthemechanicalpropertiesofnacre.ZhangYonglimadeSiC/ALtougheningcompositeswithALassoftphaseandSiCasceramicbase[7].Andhefracturetoughnessis2~5timescomparedtotheoriginalone.YanghuimadeA1203tougheningcompositeswithcarbonfiberassoftphaseandA1