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1复旦大学上海医学院儿科学系期末考试试卷■A卷□B卷课程名称：_儿科学___________课程代码：_MED130029___________开课院系：_儿科学___________________考试形式：开卷/闭卷/课程论文/姓名：学号：专业：题号12345678总分得分一、选择题（每题1分，共40分）A型题1.Duringfetallife,theearliestsynthesizedimmunoglobinisA.IgMB.IgDC.IgGD.IgAE.IgE2.TherangeofserumnatriumconcentrationinisonatremicdehydrationshouldbeA.120~140mmol/LB.130~160mmol/LC.140~160mmol/LD.140~150mmol/LE.130~150mmol/L3.Aboy,oneyearold,withhighfever6days,listlessness,frequentcough,paroxysmalrespiratorydistress.Physicalexamination:naresflaring,markedinspiratoryretractions,dullnessatbothlowerlungs,decreasedbreathsounds,smallamountoffinemoistralethroughbothlungs.Thewhitebloodcountwas9.0×109/L,thechestx-rayshowedbilaterallypatchyshadowofdensity.Themostlikelydiagnosisis:A.staphylococcalpneumoniaB.respiratorysyncytialviruspneumoniaC.adenoviruspneumoniaD.mycoplasmapneumoniaE.pneumoncoccuspneumonia4.Whichismaindifferencebetweendehydrationofseveredegreeandmoderatedegree?A.poorskinresiliencyB.orbitpittingC.oliguriaoranuriaD.metabolicacidosisE.peripheralcirculatoryfailure5.Apre-termbabyofonemonthandtwodaysold,gestationalage35weeks,borninwinter,breastfeeding,weightisincreasingfrom2.0kgto3.0kg.Nowwhichsupplementaryfoodisaddedtoatfirstandwhy?A.rice-water,forsupplementationofenergyB.vegetablesoup,forsupplementationofmineralsubstances2C.rice-paste,forsupplementationofenergyD.codliveroil,forsupplementationofVitAE.codliveroil,forsupplementationofVitD6.Whattimeisbetterforweaninginbreastfeedingbaby?A.4-5monthsofageB.6-9monthsofageC.10-12monthsofageD.13-15monthsofageE.18monthsofage7.TheratioofCalciumandPhosphorusinbreast-milkisA.1:2B.1.5:1C.2:1D.1.2:1E.1.5:28.Whatisthemostimportantclinicalfeatureofnephriticsyndrome?A.ProteinuriaB.EdemaC.HypertensionD.HypoalbuminemiaE.Hypercholesteolemia9.Ofthefollowing,theonlyonethatnormallyrisesintheinfantinthefirstweekafterbirthisA.hematocritD.temperatureB.bodyweightE.bilirubinC.pulmonaryarterialpressure10.ThemajormanifestationofTuberculousmeningitisinchildrenisA.AtenseanteriorfontanealB.ConvulsionC.StuporD.CranialnervepalsiesE.Moodchanges11.Ifthemother’sRhbloodtypeisCcDdeeandthefetusisCcDdEe,thenRhincompatibilityshouldbeA.CantigenB.cantigenC.DantigenD.EantigenE.eantigen12.DTP(Diphtheria,tetanus,pertussisvaccine),PrimaryimmunizationshouldbetakenA.JustonetimeB.Onceamonth,twotimesC.Onceamonth,threetimesD.Onceaweek,twotimesE.Onceaweek,threetimes13.PhysiologicweightlowerofanormalnewbornwillberecoveredinA.1~3daysB.3~5daysC.5~7daysD.7~10daysE.10~14days14.Ahealthyboy,oneyearandsixmonthsold,howmuchenergyandwatershouldherequireeveryday?energy(kj)/kgwater(ml)/kg3A.418(100kcal)100B.460(110kcal)100C.418(100kcal)110D.418(100kcal)125E.925(150kcal)15015.Aninfant,weight7kg,length65cm,headcircumference42cm,theinfantshouldbeA.5monthsoldB.6monthsoldC.7monthsoldD.8monthsoldE.9monthsold16.Ifastaphylococcalpneumoniapatientsuddenlybreathdifficultly,weshouldconsiderthatisbecause:A.highfeverB.acidosisC.pneumoniadevelopedD.pyopnemothoraxE.heartfailure17.WhichoneisthemostcommontypeofTBinchildrenA.PrimarypulmonarytuberculosisB.MiliarytuberculosisC.TuberculosismeningitisD.TubeculosisofabdomenE.Tuberculouspleurisy18.WhichoneisthecyanotictypeofcongenitalheartdiseaseA.ventricularseptaldefectB.atrialseptaldefectC.tetralogyofFallotD.PatentductusarteriosusE.pulmonarystenosis19.ThemajormanifestionsofacuteglomerulonephritisareA.hypertension,hematuria,proteinuriaB.proteinuria,hypertensionC.edema,hypertension,hematuriaD.oliguria,edema,hypertension,hematuriaE.oliguria,edema,hematuria,hypercholesteolemia20.PPDtestisareliablediagnostictestfortuberculosis,aninfectedpatientrespoundspositivelyofinfectionA.immediatelyB.within1-2weekC.within2-4weekD.within4-10weekE.after10week21.幼儿1岁半,诊断为佝偻病活动期。为避免其O形腿加重,宜采用下列哪项预防措施：A.补充维生素DB.补充钙剂C.多晒太阳D.减少行走E.外科矫形术22.缓解支气管哮喘急性发作的首选治疗方法为：A.吸入短效β2受体激动剂B.吸入色甘酸二钠C.氨茶碱静脉注射D.口服抗组织胺药4E.静滴抗生素23.一患儿因慢性贫血,经多方检查确诊为营养性巨幼细胞贫血。下列哪项是其最有诊断意义的临床表现?A.舌尖及反甲B.皮肤瘀点伴黄疸C.肝、脾及淋巴结肿大D.皮肤苍黄,毛发枯黄E.反应迟钝,智力倒退,发育落后24.男孩,10岁。患原发性肺结核。在其自然演变过程中,最为常见的是:A.自然吸收或钙化B.发展为肺门淋巴结结核C.病灶溶解、坏死形成空洞D.血行播散E.发展为胸膜炎25.4个月健康婴儿,生活在某地。因无母乳,当地只有羊奶。而喂羊奶的缺点是A.蛋白质含量稍多,但以白蛋白为高B.脂肪含量多,但其脂肪球少C.叶酸与维生素B12含量少D.矿物质含量过高E.每100ml羊奶中的热量过低26.一足月儿娩出时脐带绕颈,Apgar评分1min与5min分别为3分、7分,经复苏抢救于生后6h入院。体检:小儿激惹,拥抱反射增强,肌张力高。最可能是：A.新生儿低血钙B.新生儿低血糖C.新生儿脑膜炎D.脑室管膜下出血E.新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病27.一新生儿,足月顺产,Apgar评分10分。体格检查时,下列哪项反射阴性是正常的?A.拥抱反射B.颈肢反射C.腹壁反射D.觅食反射E.交叉伸腿反射28.足月新生儿生后第3天,家长见他每隔10～15s后有5～10s不呼吸,但无皮肤颜色及心率改变。应作何处理?A.给咖啡因B.给氨茶碱C.持续气道正压呼吸(CPAP)D.吸氧E.向家长解释529.小儿3岁,心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间闻及Ⅲ～Ⅳ级全收缩期杂音,心尖区有较短舒张期隆隆样杂音,肺动瓣区第2音亢进。X线示左、右心室大。诊断可能是:A.小型室间隔缺损B.大型室间隔缺损C.风湿性心脏病D.房间隔缺损E.动脉导管未闭30.患儿6岁,易有呼吸道感染,劳累后气促。体检:胸骨左上方闻及连续性杂音,血压12.8/5.3kPa(96/40mmHg),闻及股动脉枪击声。诊断应考虑为:A.室间隔缺损B.房间隔缺损C.动脉导管未闭D.肺动脉狭窄E.法洛四联症31.医生检查一个患儿的上肢肌力后作了如下的记录:肢体在平面上能带动关节活动,但不能克地心引力。可判断是几级肌力吗?A.0级C.Ⅱ级B.Ⅰ级D.Ⅲ级E.Ⅳ级32.男孩,10岁。智力发育正常,平时兴奋多动,思想不集中,冲动、任性,学习成绩时好时坏,诊断为儿童多动综合征。其临床表现中哪点是最主要的?A.自我控制力不足B.活动过多C.注意力不集中D.冲动、任性E.学习困难33.18个月男孩,于确诊川崎病后出院,2周后猝死于家中,死前并无明显诱因。其死因可能为:A.脑出血B.脑栓塞C.心肌炎D.心包炎E.冠状动脉瘤破裂34.风湿热患者,下列哪项表现存在即为风湿活动指征?A.扁桃体炎B.血白细胞总数增高C.ASO升高D.舞蹈病E.心电图ST段变化35.女孩,1岁半。咳嗽4d,发热2d,气急1d,门诊诊断支气管肺炎。确诊最主要的体