初中英语语法——主谓一致

初中英语语法——主谓一致讲解人：韩旭•一、语法一致原则•二、意义一致原则•三、就近一致原则一、语法一致原则•（1）主语为单数时，谓语用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。•Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.•Thechildrenareplayingoutside.（2）动词不定式或动词ing形式做主语时，谓语动词用单数。若两个或两个以上非谓语动词并列做主语，分指两个或两个以上动作时，谓语动词用复数形式。•Tosee________（is/are）tobelieve.•Doingeyeexercises________（is/are）goodforyoureyes.•Lyingandstealing（is/are）immoral.•（3）由and或both连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。•BothheandIareright.•但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。•a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。•Thewriterandteacher________（is/are）coming.•Thewriterandtheteacher________（is/are）coming.•Aknifeandfork________（is/are）onthetable.•（4）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。•Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirl（has/have）therighttoreceiveeducation.•Eachmanandeachwoman（is/are）askedtohelp.•（5）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。•Theteacherwithhisstudents(is/are)goingtovisitthemuseum.•Nobodybuttwoboys(is/are)lateforclass.•（6）each,either,neither,another,theother，some,any,no,every作主语或构成的复合代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。•Eachofthem(has/have)anEnglishdictionary.•Neitheransweriscorrect.•Iseverybodyready?•Somebodyisusingthephone.•（7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。•Wheremyshoes?•Yourtrousersdirty.•如果这类名词前用了apairof等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。•Here(is/are)somenewpairsofshoes.•Mynewpairofsocks(is/are)onthebed.•（8）不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。•Something(is/are)wrongwiththebike.•Nobody（was/were）in.•(Is/Are)everyoneheretoday?二、意义一致的原则•（1）指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。•Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.•Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.•（2）表时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等复数名词作主语，表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。•Twomonths________（is/are）alongholiday.•Twentypounds________（is/are）notsoheavy.•Tenmiles________（is/are）notalongdistance.•Fiveminusfour________（is/are）one.（3）family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个一个的具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。•Hisfamily________（is/are）notlarge.•Myfamilyall________（like/likes）watchingTV.•（4）people、police、cattle、youth等没有复数标记但用作复数的集体名词作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。•Peoplehere（is/are）veryfriendly.•Theyouth（is/are）havingameeting.•（5）当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like，ratherthan,including,等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；•但“名词+aswellas+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。•Mikewithhisfather________（has/have）beentoEngland.•Mike,likehisbrother,________（enjoy/enjoys）playingfootball.•Thestudentsaswellastheteacher________（was/were）presentatthemeeting•（6）不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。•如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。•Alloftheworkbeenfinished.•Allofthepeoplehavegone.•morethanone+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。Morethanonestudent________（has/have）everbeentoBeijing.•（7）疑问代词（？）作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：•Whoisyourbrother?•WhoareLeaguemembers?•（8）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。•Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.•Three–fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth.sea.•（9）half,therest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。•Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therest(is/are)moredifficult.•Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausealltherest（is/are）offsick.•（10）由what引导的主语从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。•Whatshesaid（is/are）correct.•Whatsheleftme（is/are）afewoldbooks.•（11）以—s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,mathematics,physicspolitics等•Nonews（is/are）goodnews.•Mathematics(is/are)verypopularinourclass.•（12）the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.•Thepoor(is/are)veryhappy,butthericharesad.•Thebeautiful(live)forever.三、就近一致的原则•指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。•例如：Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.•Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.•（1）由连词or,either……or,neither……nor,notonly……butalso,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。•EitheryouorI（am/is/are）right.•Neitherthechildrennortheteacher（know）anythingaboutit.•（2）在“Therebe”句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。•There（is/are）twoapplesandoneegginit.•There________（is/are）abookandthreepensonthedesk.•Here________（is/are）somebooksandpaperforyou.•.由or,either……or……，neither……nor……notonly……butalso……，not……but……连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。•EithermywifeorI（am/is/are）going.•Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseknowstheanswer.•Notonlyyoubutalsohe（is/are）readytoleave.•1.Betweenthetworoads_____aTVtowercalledSkyscraperTower.A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand•2.Eitherofyou_____goingtheretonight.A.willB.wasC.isD.are•3.Youaswell_____right.A.IareB.IamC.asIamD.asIare•4.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was•5.--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?--Yes.Threehours___,__towaitforsuchadoctor.A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughforyouC.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyou•6.Wheretogetthematerialsandhowtogetthem_____atthemeeting.A.havenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussedC.hasnotdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussed•7.ItookmathematicsandphysicsbecauseIthinkthat_____veryimportantformetomakefurtherresearchinthisfield.A.whatisB.theyareC.thisD.whichare•8.Everystudentandeveryteacher_____.A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.h