美欧农业补贴政策及其对多哈回合的影响

上海交通大学硕士学位论文美欧农业补贴政策及其对多哈回合的影响姓名：卫延朝申请学位级别：硕士专业：国际经济法指导教师：胡加祥20080630IWTOWTO8,.,.,,.IIAMERICAN-EUROPEANAGRICULTURALSUBSIDYPOLICIESANDITSIMPACTONTHEDOHAROUNDABSTRACTTheAgriculturaltradepoliciesofeverycountryareboundandlimitedbythemultilateraltraderegulationsunderthemultilateraltradesystem.Therefore,everycountrytriestomakeanactiveuseoftheirrightstoparticipateintheamendingofinternationaltraderegulationstoprotectandachievetheirowninterestsinthemultilateraltradenegotiations.TheDohaRoundofTradeTalksisestablishedattheWTO'sFourthMinisterialConference,andisthefirstroundofmultilateraltradenegotiationsincethefoundingofWTO.Itincludes8areasofnegotiation,namely,AgriculturalTrade,Non-AgriculturalProductsMarketAccess(NAMA),ServiceTrade,IntellectualPropertyRights,andsoon.Amongthem,agriculturaltradenegotiationisthemostimportantpart,whoseprogressiscloselyrelatedtoalltheotherfields.Atthesametime,agriculturalproblemisthemostsensitivetopic,whichseesthevastest/greatestdifferencesbetweenthecountries.AmericaandtheEuropeanUnionhavelongpractisedlargeamountofsubsidiarytoagricultureaccordingtotheirownagriculturalpolicies.Whileduetodifferentcompetitivenessofagriculture,theyhavedifferentclaimsintheDohaRoundofTradeTalks.Inordertoexpanditsexportoffarmproduce,Americaproposesstronglythateverycountryshouldlowertheircustoms,however,theEuropeanUnionasksAmericatoIIIdecreaseitssubsidiarytoagriculture.BothAmericaandtheEuropeanUnionrefusetomakeaconcession,whichmakestheDohaRoundofTradeTalkshaveundergoneupsanddowns,eventoastandstillatsometime.DohaRoundendedinfailure.AndthemaincauseliesinthatAmericaandEuropeanUnionrefusedtomakesubstantialconcessionsinagriculturalsubsidypolicies.ThustheyshouldassumelargerresponsibilityforthefailureoftheDohaRound.Keywords:AmericaandEuropeanUnionagriculturalSubsidy,DohaRound120092222009222009221-----WTO1223430(520)404200111---51WTO20041112WTO200411843://:1-3.2WTO“”“”“”“”66()1933CCC781910~191419731985515%197319816%19859195619611983198220%7WTO200411468200794392007945410%~30%80%198510~1510203019381980199450%~80%199450%60%11197750%1985121212131260%13102007311711200721718912WTO20041150-511320073119519961471996~20022000199820022002152007199619962002200766651961185200216,2002,1031,2002,,,,2,,,,,20023.2002,1035%,235%,12,,,,,200214WTO2006319515FarmSecurityandRuralInvestmentActof2002,2002FarmBill2002162005462002,20022007220,,,;,,,2002,20022007,8.75;4.78;600,,,302002,20022007,,1803601719621()121989~19913=X417200737679210%181010100510010192090209019922019926199820002003199215%15%552119982000199220%330%415%42218200798619200356202007987-8821StefanTangermann,”Europe’sAgriculturalPoliciesandtheMilleniumRound”,TheWorldEconomy,No.9,1999.BlackwellPublisher.22PascalLamyEUTradecommission.WTO:TheRoadahead”.AddresstoCIIconference,NewDehli.19January,2004.8200362623WTO2320025630-31920024001002030120022002-20071902101995133200257772002WTOWTO200255%2002200250%30%.2000108%47%200230%75%24,(AMS)25,,,,60%,(80%)(70%,1998),(26%)199920002006AMS405,2002252006453(AMS,),1%,2013,1992,()90,,,(),1991,68,()62,61999,92,33,59,15,20041525%,200530%,200635%,200740%,60%,2013,(),26WTO2420073752526()(),,WTO,,7,,,58,,,,,,,,(1999),,,,,20072.28,201214.8,GDP,2727=10660114002008-6-1212WTOCAP282002WTO20021005.514.6%36%2002395.618%CAP200020%315%200620%2005106044%CAP2000AMS1912002200151020022002-201173529CAP2002CAP2002”28CommonAgriculturalPolicy,29Detratorsmintainedthatthelegislationwasregressiveandtooexpensive,asitwasprojectedatthetimetoaddover$183billioninagriculturalspendingoveraten-yearperiod.Despiteaspiriteddebate,however,FSRIApassedtheHouseofRepresentativeswithavoteof280-141andtheSenate.133020021998-2001313219961988199230WTO200341231200531432”referstosubsidiescontingentuponexportperformance,includingtheexportsubsidieslistedinArticles9ofthisagreement;Article1(e).AgreementonAgriculture.34ExportsubsidyCommitments:1.ThefollowingexportsubsidiesaresubjecttoreductioncommitmentsunderthisAgreement:(a)theprovisionbygovernmentsortheiragenciesofdirectsubsidies,includingpayments-in-kind,toafirm,toanindustry,toproducersofanagriculturalproduct,toacooperativeorotherassociationofsuchproducers,ortoamarketingboard,contingentonexportperformance;(b)thesaleordisposalforexportbygovernmentsortheiragenciesofnon-commercialstocksofagriculturalproductsatapricelowerthanthecomparablepricechargedforthelikeproducttobuyersinthedomesticmarket;(c)paymentsontheexportofanagriculturalproductthatarefinancedbyvirtueofgovernmentalaction,whetherornotachargeonthepublicaccountisinvolved,