主动表示被动的13种情况回顾一、不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态常见动词是:cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。1.Thisknifecutswell.这把刀好切。2.Thesebookssellwell.这些书好卖。3.Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。4.Meatwon’tkeeplonginsuchhotweather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。5.Theclothwasheswell.这种布好洗。二、一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turnout等。1.Theapplestastegood.2.Theflowersmellswonderful.3.Thenewsproved/turnedouttrue.4.Cottonfeelssoft.三、不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系。不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词+不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义:用于此结构的常见形容词hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible,convenient,cheap,expensive,(便利的,方便的),等。1.Theproblemiseasytodo.2.Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.3.Theboxisheavytocarry.4.Theprojectisimpossibletocompleteinayear.5.Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.这个问题很难回答。6.Theworkiseasytodo.这项工作很好做。7.Ifoundthecarcomfortabletoridein.我觉得这种车很好坐。8.Theythinkitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchbadweather.他们认为在这样恶劣的天气里很难完成这项工作。9.Thatmakespoetrydifficulttowrite.那就使得诗很难写。10.Shewasaseasytopleaseasherfather.她如她妈妈一样容易取悦。四、Need,want,require(要求,需要),deserve(应得,值得),beworth值得),notbear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。1.Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。2.Theoldbuildingrequiresrepairing.这座古建筑需要修了。3.Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter(=needtobelookedafter)carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。4.Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).你的头发该剪了。五、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。1.Ihavemuchworktodo.我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系)2.Tomislookingforaroomtolivein.Tom在找一间住的房间。(与room有动宾关系,与Tom有主谓关系)3.Hehasafamilytosupport.他要维持一个家庭。(与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系)六、在beto结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:1.Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?这场火灾应由谁负责?2.Youaretoblamefortheaccident.你应为这事受动责备。3.Thehouseistolet.此房出租。4.Alotremainstodo.还剩下许多事情要做。七、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来),sound(听起来),prove(证明是),feel(摸上去感到),look(看起来),smell(闻起来)等,appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn例如:1.Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。2.Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.良药苦口。八、一些与can''t(不能)或won''t(不会)连用的动词。常用的有:lock(锁住),shut(关上),open(打开),act(上演),write(写),cut(砍,切),wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动。例如:1.Thedoorwon''topen.这门打不开。2.Itcan''tmove.它不能动。九、一些动词如sell(销售),wash(洗),clean(打扫),burn(燃烧),cook(煮)等与副词如well(好),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等连用,描会事物的特性,用主动表被动,结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:1.Thebooksellswell.这种书很畅销。2.Theseclotheswasheasily.这些衣服很易洗。3.Thepenwriteswell.这笔很好写。十、主语much,agreatdeal,little,what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表被动。1.Whatistodo?做什么?2.Muchistodo.太多要做的事。十一、在“therebe”句型中作主语的定语如果是现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。1.Thereisnothingdoingthesedays.这些天没事干。2.Iseethere’sagoodideaplanning.我知道又在打好主意。十二、不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:fit,have,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto十三、不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.Thefactremainstobeproved.事实尚待证明比较:rise,fall,happen是不及物动词;raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised.(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.(错)Pleaseseat.(对)Pleasebeseated.