人教版新目标八年级英语上册各单元知识详解(1)DetailedSolutionforUnit1Howoftendoyouexercise?【重要词汇】◆ever/5ev[/adv.曾经◆once/wQns/adv.一次◆twice/twaIs/adv.两次◆internet/5Int[net/n.互联网◆program/5pr[JgrAm/n.节目单,(电脑)程序◆hilltop/5hIltCp/n.山顶◆result/rI5zQlt/n.结果,成果◆key/ki:/n.提醒,提示,线索,答案◆translate/trAns5leIt/v.翻译◆song/sCN/n.歌曲◆junk/dVQNk/n.垃圾,破烂物,废弃的旧物◆milk/mIlk/n.牛奶◆interviewer/5Int[vjU:[(r)/n.采访者◆habit/5hAbIt/n.习惯,习性◆difference/5dIf[r[ns/n.不同,差异,区别◆grade/greId/n.分数,成绩,年级◆although/C:l5T[J/conj.虽然,即使,纵然◆unhealthy/Qn5helWI/adj.不健康的,不益健康的◆skateboarding/5skeIt9C:dIN/n.溜滑板运动【重要词组】◆howoften多久一次◆asfor至于,关于◆junkfood垃圾食品◆eatinghabit饮食习惯◆ofcourse当然◆lookafter照顾,照看◆startwith以……开始◆makeadifference使得结果不同,有重要性◆goshopping去购物◆haveaparty聚会◆gotothemovie去看电影◆onceaweek每周一次◆hardlyever很少◆twiceaweek每周两次◆threetimesaweek每周三次◆watchTV看电视◆onweekend在周末◆dohomework做作业◆alotof许多◆trytodo试图(努力)做某事◆helpsb(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事◆thesameas和……相同◆keepingoodhealth保持身体健康【重要词句详解】1.Let’slookatthefollowingwordsandtheirusage(让我们看看下面的这些词及其用法).always一直,总是usually通常often经常sometimes有时候hardlyever很少,几乎没有never从不这些词都是表示频率的副词,但是在程度上有差别。通常用于一般现在时。如:Ialwayshavesomemilkformybreakfast.我早餐总是喝牛奶。Heusuallygetsupat6:30inthemorning.他通常早上6:30起床。Heoftendoeshomeworkbeforedinnertime.他经常晚餐前做作业。HesometimesgoestomoviesonFridayevening.他有时周五晚上去看电影。Ihardly/evereatoutatnoon.我很少中午在外就餐。Ineverarrivelateforschool.我从没有到校晚过。Seldom/rarelyseldom,表示频率,很少,不常,反义词oftenrarely,很少地,难得地,少见地Heseldomeatsbreakfast.他很少吃早餐。Irarelyeatinrestaurants.我很少在饭馆吃饭。2.英语中表次数的用法once一次,twice两次,threetimes三次,fourtimes四次…我们可以看出表示次数的词,除了“一次,两次”特殊外,后面的次数都是“基数词+times”构成。另外同学们还要记住以下词组:once(twice)aday/week/month/year每天(周/月/年)一(两)次3.all,most,some,no的用法及差异。all“所有的,全体的”Allstudentsdohomeworkafterschool.Lastnight,Icookedallthevegetablesinthefridge.most“大多数的”Moststudentsplaycomputergamesonweekends.some“一些”SomestudentsgotoEnglishmovieseveryday.no“没有”,注意这里no是形容词。NostudentsreadEnglishnovels.我们可以看出:all,most,some,no放在名词的前面做定语,表示数量的多少。4.Mymotherwantsmetodrinkit.我妈妈想要我喝。wantsb.todosth.想要某人干某事。e.g.Iwantyoutohelpmewithmymath.我想要你帮我学数学。5.Shesaysit’sgoodforhealth.她说喝牛奶对健康有益。begoodfor对…有好处。e.g.Eatingvegetablesandfruitisgoodforourhealth.Doingeye-exerciseisgoodforoureyes.6.Howmanyhoursdoyousleepeverynight?你每天晚上睡几个小时?这是一个特殊疑问句。“Howmany+名词”构成了特殊疑问词。注意:Howmany后跟可数名词的复数形式。e.g.Howmanyapplesdoyouhave?Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?如果名词是不可数名词,要用“Howmuch+不可数名词”。e.g.Howmuchmilkdoyoudrinkeachtime?Howmuchwaterdoweneedeveryday?【课文解析3a】…butI’mprettyhealthy.Iexerciseeveryday,usuallywhenIcomehomefromschool.Andmyeatinghabitsareprettygood.Itrytoeatalotofvegetables,usuallytentoeleventimesaweek.AndIeatfruiteverydayandIdrinkmilkeveryday.Ofcourse,Ilovejunkfood,too,butItrytoeatitonlyonceaweek,oh,andIsleepninehourseverynight.Soyousee,Ilookaftermyhealth.Andmyhealthylifestylehelpsmegetgoodgrade.Goodfoodandexercisehelpmetostudybetter.1.pretty表示“十分”作副词用,我们以前学过quite和very也有这种意思。其中它们的程度由浅入深为quite→pretty→very.e.g.Heisquiteserious.Itsoundsprettygood.NinacansingEnglishsongsverywell.2.Iexerciseeveryday,usuallywhenIcomehomefromschool.我每天锻炼身体,通常是放学后。3.eatinghabits“饮食习惯”。4.trytodosth意为“尽力去做某事”。Trytogethereearly.Hetriedtopasstheexam.5.tentoeleventimesaweek.“每周十到十一次”。注意这种表达。“to”为介词。翻译:(1)两到三次。twicetothreetimes.(2)每月四到五次。fourtofivetimesamonth.6.Ofcourse.“当然”。7.Soyousee,Ilookaftermyhealth.“所以你看,我很在意我的健康”。lookafter意为“照顾、照看”。e.g.CanyoulookaftermybabywhenIleave?Pleaselookafteryourownbagscarefully.look还可以和许多词搭配,但意思不一样。(1)lookat“看,认真地看”。e.g.Pleaselookattheblackboard.Somepeoplearelookingatthenotice.(2)lookfor“寻找”。e.g.OldHenrylookedforhisdogs,buthedidn’tfindit.I’mlookingformylostpen.8.Goodfoodandexercisehelpmetostudybetter.好的饮食和锻炼帮助我学得更好。helpsb.todosth.better帮助某人把某事做得更好。e.g.Shehelpsmetoknowtheinformationforgoingabroadbetter.她帮我更好地了解到出国的信息。helpsb.withsth.帮某人做某事。e.g.Stellahelpsmewithmyhistory.【重要句型】1.Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?你通常周末做什么?2.Iusuallyplaysoccer.我通常踢足球。3.Whatdoeshedoonweekends?他周末做什么?4.HesometimeswatchesTV.他有时候看电视。5.Howoftendoyoushop?你多长时间购物一次?6.Ishoponceamonth.我一个月购物一次。7.HowoftendoeshewatchTV?他多长时间看一次电视?8.HewatchesTVtwiceaweek.他每周看两次电视。【由howoften谈起】我们已经学习了always,usually,often,sometimes,never等表示时间频度的副词。这些词通常用来说明在一段时间内做某事的多少或某种状态存在的次数的多少。例如:Weusuallygetupathalfpastsix.我们通常六点半起床。Sometimeshegoestoseehisgrandpaonweekends.周末,他有时候去看望爷爷。但是,在日常生活中,我们不可能总是用陈述句来表达自己的或他人的一些行动,或者事物所存在的状态。我们还要向对方提出一些问题,请求对方回答。在这种情况下,我们还要用疑问句。请看下面几组对话:1.—Howoftendoyouplayfootball?—Iusuallyplayfootballafterschool.2.—HowoftendoesMarygototheconcert?—SheoftengoestoitonSaturdayevening.3.—Howoftendoesmydaughtertakethemedicine?—Threetimesaday.不知大家是否注意到,我们针对上面所说的频度副词和表示“在某段时间内某种动作的次数”的状语提问时,都要用howoften。换句话说,如果要回答由howoften提问的句子,我们通常要用频度副词或诸如everyday,eachweek,onceaweek,twiceaday,fourtimesamonth等来回答。e.g.4.—Howoftendoyouborrowbooksfromthelibrary?—Twiceamonth.5.—Howoftendoesyourmotherdothewashing?—Shedoesiteveryday.6.—Howoftencanyougotothemovie?—Onceaweek.在大家所做的练习中,常见的有“句型转换”。这种题型有一种“就划线部分提问”,要求针对陈述句中的划线部分提出问题(也就是把陈述句变成特殊疑问句),其中就有针对上面所说的频度副词或everyday,eachweek,onceaweek,twiceaday,fourtimesamonth等提问的句子。这时候自然要用howoften来提问了。e.g.JackwatchesTVthreetimesaweek.→Howoftend