人羊膜上皮细胞移植修复损伤臂丛神经具有转化医学的意义

SICENCE新闻发布作者：杨琦稿号：NRR_354_14人羊膜上皮细胞移植修复损伤臂丛神经：具有转化医学的意义近年来干细胞移植技术作为中枢和周围神经损伤的治疗手段受到广泛关注，但神经干细胞、胚胎干细胞等存在来源、伦理、免疫排斥和安全性等问题。因此，越来越多的学者开始关注人羊膜细胞。有研究表明，羊膜上皮细胞也具有干细胞的特性，能够分化为成熟的神经细胞，并分泌多巴胺、乙酰胆碱、去甲肾上腺素等神经递质。来自中国吉林大学中日联谊医院金海博士所领导的团队，将人羊膜上皮细胞悬液注入兔牵拉伤臂丛神经，24周后应用臂丛神经拉伸实验检测到受损神经拉伸强度和弹性明显增强。同时苏木精-伊红染色也证实臂丛神经病理形态明显改善，且兔前爪功能也明显恢复。因此，作者认为人羊膜上皮细胞移植有促进损伤臂丛神经修复和进行转化医学临床应用的潜力。相关文献发表于《中国神经再生研究（英文版）》杂志2014年12月第24期。以牵拉神经根的方法制备C6臂丛神经损伤动物模型，造模后即刻用微量注射器接无菌玻璃拉丝针头将人羊膜上皮细胞悬液缓慢注入到臂丛神经损伤区，24周后苏木精-伊红染色显示，兔臂丛神经纤维表面模大部分有结缔组织形成的神经内膜包绕髓鞘，形态清晰Article:Transplantationofhumanamnioticepithelialcellsrepairsbrachialplexusinjury:pathologicalandbiomechanicalanalyses,byQiYang1,MinLuo1,PengLi2,HaiJin1(1China-JapanUnionHospitalofJilinUniversity,Changchun,JilinProvince,China;2DepartmentofMechanics,SchoolofMechanicalScienceandEngineering,JilinUniversity,Changchun,JilinProvince,China)YangQ,LuoM,LiP,JinH.Transplantationofhumanamnioticepithelialcellsrepairsbrachialplexusinjury:pathologicalandbiomechanicalanalyses.NeuralRegenRes.2014;9(24):2159-2163.TransplantationofhumanamnioticepithelialcellsrepairsbrachialplexusinjuryTransplantationofstemcellshasbeenofwideinterestforthetreatmentofcentralandperipheralnerveinjuries,butapplicationofneuralstemcellsandembryonicstemcellsislimitedbysourceSICENCE新闻发布作者：杨琦稿号：NRR_354_14scarcity,ethicalconcerns,potentialimmunerejection,andsecurity.Therefore,moreattentionhasbeenfocusedonhumanamnioticcellsasacellsourcefortransplantation.Severalpreviousstudieshaveshownthatamnioticepithelialcellscandifferentiateintomaturenervecells,secreteneurotransmitterssuchasdopamine,acetylcholine,andnorepinephrine,andhavesimilarbiologicalpropertiesasembryonicstemcells.Dr.HaiJin,Sino-JapaneseFriendshipHospitalofJilinUniversity,Chinaandhiscolleaguesinjectedasuspensionofhumanamnioticepithelialcellsintotheinjuredbrachialplexus.Theresultsoftensilemechanicaltestingofthebrachialplexusshowedthatthetensileelasticlimitstrain,elasticlimitstress,maximumstress,andmaximumstrainoftheinjuredbrachialplexusesweresignificantlyincreasedat24weeksaftertheinjection.Simultaneously,thepathologicalmorphologyoftheinjuredbrachialplexusnervewasimproved,asseenbyhematoxylin-eosinstaining,andthefunctionsoftherabbitforepawwererestored.Therefore,humanamnioticepithelialcelltransplantationcanpromotetherepairofbrachialplexusinjuryandisapromisingclinicalstrategy.TheseresultswerepublishedinNeuralRegenerationResearch(Vol.9,No.24,2014).Hematoxylin-eosinstainingrevealsthatat24weeksaftertransplantationofhumanamnioticepithelialcells,themajorityoftheconnectivetissuehadformedanendoneuriumatthesurfaceofthebrachialplexusnervefibersandtheendoneuriumencasedthemyelinsheath.Article:Transplantationofhumanamnioticepithelialcellsrepairsbrachialplexusinjury:pathologicalandbiomechanicalanalyses,byQiYang1,MinLuo1,PengLi2,HaiJin1(1China-JapanUnionHospitalofJilinUniversity,Changchun,JilinProvince,China;2DepartmentofMechanics,SchoolofMechanicalScienceandEngineering,JilinUniversity,Changchun,JilinProvince,China)YangQ,LuoM,LiP,JinH.Transplantationofhumanamnioticepithelialcellsrepairsbrachialplexusinjury:pathologicalandbiomechanicalanalyses.NeuralRegenRes.2014;9(24):2159-2163.