第14章 专题之二：体育旅游开发

://course.fjnu.edu.cn://course.fjnu.edu.cnContent内容Definitions定义History发展过程Types类型Issues/Trends问题、发展趋势://course.fjnu.edu.cn体育旅游“Travelfornon-commercialreasonstoparticipateorobservesportingactivitiesawayfromthehomerange”(Hall,1992)“Allformsofactiveandpassiveinvolvementinsportingactivity,participatedincasuallyorinanorganizedwayfornon-commercialorbusiness/commercialreasons,thatnecessitatetravelawayfromhomeandworklocality”(Standeven&Deknop,1999)“Holidaysinvolvingsportingactivityeitherasaspectatororaparticipant”(Weed&Bull,1997)体育旅游是以参与或观赏体育活动为目的,或以体育为内容而产生的一种短暂性的生活方式,是旅游者在旅游和暂时性停留中所引起的一切与体育有关的现象和关系的总和。体育旅游者“Atemporaryvisitorstayingatleast24hoursintheeventareaandwhoseprimarypurposeistoparticipateinasportseventwiththeareabeingasecondaryattractions”(Nowagaetal,1996)“Individualsand/orgroupsofpeoplewhoactivelyorpassivelyparticipateincompetitiveorrecreationalsport,whiletravellingtoand/orstayinginplacesoutsidetheirusualenvironment”(Gammon&Robinson,1997)定义SportTourismSportTourist://course.fjnu.edu.cn发展过程Ancient(776B.C.—480A.D.)Greece•OlympicGames(776B.C)Rome(200B.C—480A.D.)•Gladiators角斗士MiddleAgesandRenaissance(500—1400A.D)Jousting马上枪术比赛16th–19thCenturiesTheEuropeanGrandTour•Initiallyinvolvedculturaltourism,butspreadtooutdoorscenery(skiingintheSwissAlps)andspectatorandparticipantevents(fencing,horseracing,hunting)19th–20thCenturiesDevelopmentofteamsportprovidedspectatoropportunitiesforthemassesDevelopmentofmasstransportationprovidedaccessDevelopedinlate19thandearly20thCenturiesBaseball,AmericanFootball,Soccer,Basketball(Team);Skiing,Mountaineering(Individual)Explosionduring1970sand1980sCableTV,LiveBroadcasting,EmergenceofSportsMediaIcons(MichaelJordan)ExtremeSports/Adventuresports“inthings”suchasbackpacking,hiking,trekking,bridgejumping,bungeejumping://course.fjnu.edu.cn类型Participant(Active)参与型Spectator/Observer(Event)观赏型Nostalgia怀旧型(Active)参与型TopperformanceAthletesOlympics,ProfessionalLeagues,SeriousLeisureAthletesGolf,Snowboarding,RoadRacersHealthandFitnessAthletesRunners,Bikers,ResortsRecreationalorSocialAthletesBowling,Golf,Tennis,Cruises乘船游览IndirectParticipantsInstructors,Trainers,Guides(Event)观赏型PayingorNon-payingVisitorsFans“Official”SupportPersonnelOfficial,Coaches,Trainers,EventPersonnel“unofficial”SupportPersonnelFamily,FriendsMediaReporters,Photographers,Broadcasters怀旧型SportsMuseumsChinaSportsMuseumThemedBarsandRestaurantsESPNClub,YaoRestaurant&BarHeritageEvents,SportsReunions25thReunionofthe1980sHoustonAstros中国体育博物馆://course.fjnu.edu.cn://course.fjnu.edu.cn存在问题SeasonalityAlltourismventuresmustdealwithperiodicupsanddownsassociatedwithtouristsupply/demandSomesportshavenaturalseasons•Downhillskiing,ProfessionalSportsLeaguesSustainableDevelopmentHowcansportstourismbepromotedinwaysthatcanbemaintainedandwillnotbeoverly-destructiveofnaturalresourcesorenvironment?发展趋势DevelopingMarkets市场开发NostalgiaTourism•SportsMuseum•HistoricorFamousSites(OlympicSites)•Fantasysportsweekends,CruisesExtremeSportTourism•Hiking,trekking,bridgejumping,bungeejumpingVisualSportsTourism•Homevideogames,virtualreality,FantasySports发展趋势ParticipationPatterns参与方式Individual,ratherthanteamsportsDiversification(cross-participation)Sportshybridscontinuetodevelop(snowboarding)Sportsadapttourbanlife(indoorclimbingfacilities)Naturalenvironments(providerisk,uncertainty)willincreaseinpopularityassportstourismdestinations分析：北京奥运遗产旅游开发Visibleheritages有形奥运遗产Invisibleheritages无形奥运遗产Olympicvenues奥运场馆：“Bird‘sNest”鸟巢the“WaterCube”水立方OlympicPark奥体公园andsoon.